Ⅰ.Ingcinga esisiseko sonyango lobushushu.
A.Ingcinga ezisisiseko zonyango lobushushu.
Izinto ezisisiseko nemisebenzi yeUnyango lobushushu:
1.Ukulanda
Injongo kukufumana iyunifomu kunye ne-austenite elungileyo.
2.Ukubanjwa
Injongo kukuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi wokusebenza ushushu ngokupheleleyo kwaye ukuthintela ukuphalazwa kwe-oxidation.
3.Ukula
Injongo kukuguqula i-Austite kwi-Microstr.
I-MicroStalArtarstral Aute emva konyango lobushushu
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa emva kokufudumeza nokubamba, umntu oguqukayo uguqula kwiikrowutha ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuphola. Amantshontsho ahlukeneyo abonisa iipropathi ezahlukeneyo.
B.Ingcinga esisiseko sonyango lobushushu.
Ukwahlulahlulwa ngokusekwe kwi-heating kunye neendlela zokupholisa, kunye nolwakhiwo lwezinto ezincinci kunye neepropathi zentsimbi
I-1.Coning Desures onyango (unyango lobushushu): Ukutsalwa, ukungqubana, ukwenza isiqhelo, ukucofa
2.sucking Unyango lobushushu: Ukucima umphezulu, ukufudumeza ukufudumeza, ukufudumeza kwelangatyela, ukufudumeza kombane, ukufudumeza kombane.
I-3.ing chaphaza lobushushu: kukucekisa, ukuzula, i-carboniteriting.
Unyango lobushushu: Unyango olulawulayo lwe-Atymosters, unyango lobushushu, unyango lobushushu.
Iqondo lokushisa le-C.Clo
Ubushushu obubalulekileyo bengqokelela yentsimbi sisiseko esibalulekileyo sokumisela ukufudumeza, ukubamba, kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa ngexesha lonyango lobushushu. Igqitywe ngumzobo wesigaba se-iron carbon.
ISIQINISEKISO SOKUGQIBELA:Owona msindo uqobo wumbi we-shoni yentsimbi ihlala ivuyisa emva kobushushu be-theoretication. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukufudumeza okufunekayo ngexesha lokufudumeza, kwaye i-incoolding iyimfuneko ngexesha lokupholisa.
I-ⅱ.Anneing kunye nokuSebenza kwentsimbi
1. Inkcazo ye-ANYE
Ukuthinta kubandakanya ukufudumeza intsimbi ukuya kwiqondo lokushisa ngaphezulu okanye ngezantsi kwendawo enoburhane i-Ac₁ ukubamba kweqondo lobushushu, emva koko ukuphoxeke, ukufezekisa isakhiwo esisondeleyo kwi-lingalibribrium.
I-2. Injongo yokufana
Ubunzima obuqhelekileyo boomatshini: Ukufezekisa ubunzima obukhulu kuluhlu lwe-HB170 ~ 230.
Uxinzelelo lwentsalela ye-②relieve: ethintela ukungasebenzi okanye ukuqhekeza kwiinkqubo ezilandelayo.
Ulwakhiwo lwengqolowa: luphucula ubume be-Micros.
I-Courpation yonyango lokugqibela lobushushu: ifumana i-Granular (i-spresid) pearlite ye-Pearlite yokuhamba kunye nokuthengisa.
Ukwazisa
Iinkqubo zenkqubo: Iqondo lobushushu lokufudumeza likufuphi nenqaku le-ACT₁.
Injongo: Ukwehla kwesamente okanye i-carbides kwintsimbi, kukhokelela kwi-Granular (i-Splaroid) Pearlite.
Uluhlu olusebenzayo: isetyenziselwa iziqu ze-ethectoid kunye neengoma ze-hyperethectoid.
I-4.I-ANDIDKIDKIKIKIYO (HOMoni
Iinkcukacha zenkqubo: Iqondo lobushushu lokufudumeza liphantsi kancinci kumgca weSolvus kumzobo wenqanaba.
Injongo: Ukuphelisa ukwahlula.
①sul-I-carbon yensimbiNgomxholo wekhabhoni ungaphantsi kwe-0.25%, ukwenza into eqhelekileyo kukhethwa ngaphezulu kokunxibelelana njengonyango lobushushu.
Chaza intsimbi ephakathi ye-carbon ngomxholo wekhabhoni phakathi kwe-0.25% kunye ne-0.50%, nokuba i-Anneing okanye i-Play ingasetyenziswa njengonyango lobushushu bokulungiselela.
③cla i-pied-to therbon yentsimbi enomxholo wekhabhoni phakathi kwe-0.50% ne-0.75%, kuyacetyiswa i-accoung epheleleyo.
④④④-I-carbon yensimbiNgomxholo wekhabhoni enkulu kuno-0.75%, ukwenza okuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukuphelisa inethiwekhi ye-Fet₃c, kulandelwe kukukhuphela i-spraididing.
I-ⅲ.Unching kunye nokuhendwa kwentsimbi
A.quech
1. Inkcazo yokucingela: Ukucokiseka kubandakanya ukufudumeza kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphezulu kwe-AC₃ okanye inqaku le-AC₁, ukuyiphola ngereyithi enkulu kunama-Marteyite.
2. INJONGO YOKUGQIBELA: Eyona njongo iphambili kukufumana uMartite (okanye ngamanye amaxesha ongezantsi) ukonyusa ubunzima kwaye unxibe intsimbi. Ukuhamba yenye yezona nkqubo zibalulekileyo zokunyanga ubushushu bentsimbi.
3.Ukugqitha amaqondo obushushu eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi
I-hypoethetisie yentsimbi: Ac₃ + 30 ° C ukuya kwi-50 ° C
Intsimbi ye-EtheTOid kunye ne-hypereutectoid yentsimbi: I-AC₁ + 30 ° C ukuya kwi-50 ° C
I-alloy yentsimbi: 50 ° C ukuya kwi-100 ° C ngaphezulu kweqondo lobushushu elibalulekileyo
Iimpawu zokufunda zodidi olufanelekileyo lwendlela ephakathi:
Ukupholisa kancinci ngaphambi kokuba "i-mpum" amaqondo obushushu: ukunciphisa ngokwaneleyo uxinzelelo lwe-thermal.
Isikhundla esiphakamileyo sokupholisa kufutshane "nempumlo" yobushushu: Ukuthintela ukwakhiwa kwezakhi ezingezizo ezivela kumayeza.
Ukupholisa kancinci ukupholisa kufutshane neM₅: Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olubangelwa yinguqu yeMartiriya.
Iindlela ze-5undechch kunye neempawu zazo:
Ukucekeceka okucekeceke: kulula ukusebenza kwaye kulungele indawo encinci, enemisebenzi enesidima. ULULUMKWENI OKWENZIWA KOKUGQIBELA I-Martite (M).
Ukucekeceka okugqithileyo: Kunzima kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukulawula, isetyenziselwa i-stied-carbon yensimbi ye-carbon kunye nentsimbi enkulu yentsimbi. ULULUMKWENI OKWENZIWA KOKUGQIBELA I-Martite (M).
UkuQeka kwe-Inbroking: Inkqubo entsokothileyo, esetyenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi emikhulu ye-allous yentsimbi. ULULUMKWENI OKWENZIWA KOKUGQIBELA I-Martite (M).
I-④isormarmal yokungena: isetyenziselwa ibala elincinci elinemisebenzi elinemisebenzi ephezulu. ULULUMKWENI WOKUGQIBELA WAYIPHI IBHAYIBHILE (B).
6.Ukuchaphazela ubukhuni
Inqanaba lobuqili luxhomekeke kuzinzo lwe-auscodite e-steedcoocwaci lentsimbi. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-Austecoococod Eustecodite, kungcono ubuchule, kunye ne-vice.
Izinto ezichaphazela uzinzo lwe-auscodite evuthayo:
Isikhundla se-C-curve: Ukuba i-C-curve ishiywe ngasekunene, iqondo lokupholisa elibalulekileyo lokucima lincipha, ukuphucula ubuqili.
ISIQINISEKISO SOKUGQIBELA:
Nayiphi na into etshintsha i-C-curve isekunene inyusa ububanzi bentsimbi.
Eyona nto iphambili:
Ukuqulunqwa kwekhemikhali: Ngaphandle kwe-Cobabalt (CO), zonke izinto zabelwe izinto ezichithwe kwi-austedite yonyusa ubungakanani.
Ukusondelela komxholo wekhabhoni kukwenzelwa kwi-ethecton ye-carbon sension, kokukhona i-C-curve itshintshe ngasekunene, kwaye ngaphezulu kobunzima.
7.Meterm
①end quench yovavanyo lokuvavanya
Indlela ye-Qiench ye-②eench
B.ing
1. Inkcazo yommangali
Ukutshutshiswa yinkqubo yonyango lobushushu apho intsimbi ecinyiweyo iphinde yafunyanwa kubushushu obungaphantsi kwenqaku, igcinwe kwelakho iqondo lobushushu, emva koko laphola kubushushu begumbi.
2. Injongo yokuThengiswa
Ukucutha okanye ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwentsalela: ethintela ukungasebenzi okanye ukuqhekeza umsebenzi osebenzayo.
Ukucutha okanye ukuphelisa i-Austedite yentsalela: Ukuzinza kubenza ubungakanani bomsebenzi.
Ukuphelisa ubugqwirha bentsimbi ecinyiweyo: Uhlengahlengiso oludweliso lweentsimbi kunye neepropathi zokuhlangabezana neemfuno zomsebenzi.
Inqaku elibalulekileyo: Insimbi kufuneka ivuthiwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokucinywa.
Iinkqubo zokufunda
1.Ukumangalela
Injongo: Ukunciphisa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukuphucula ubunzima bomsebenzi, kwaye ufezekise ubunzima obukhulu kwaye unxibe ukunganyangeki.
Iqondo lokushisa: I-150 ° C ~ 250 ° C.
Ukusebenza: Ubunzima: HRC 58 ~ 64. Ubunzima obukhulu kwaye banxibe ukunganyangeki.
Izicelo: Izixhobo, izixhobo, iibheringi, amalungu acaheriyo, kunye nezinto eziphakamileyo zomhlaba.
2.Hight
Injongo: Ukufezekisa ubunzima obuphezulu kunye namandla aneleyo kunye nobunzima.
Iqondo lokushisa: I-500 ° C ~ 600 ° C.
Intsebenzo: Ubunzima: hrc 25 ~ 35. Iipropathi ezintle zizonke.
Izicelo: Imingxunya, iigiya, iintonga eziqhagamshelayo, njl.
Ukucokiswa kwe-thermal
Ingcaciso: Ukucingisisa ukulandelwa komsindo omkhulu kubizwa ngokuba kukucoca i-shirmal, okanye ukuthoba nje. Insimbi ephathwa gadalala yile nkqubo inentsebenzo egqwesileyo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
I-US.S.SUFFAFFAFFAFFAFFAFCUFT INDAWO YOKUGQIBELA
A.surface ukucekeceka kwezinto
1. Inkcazo ye-Shumi
Ukuqina komgangatho yinkqubo yobushushu yonyango eyenzelwe ukomeleza ungqingo lwe-onpied ngokusithobela ngokukhawuleza ukuguqula i-austeer kwi-austedite kwaye ngokukhawuleza kuyipholise. Le nkqubo yenziwa ngaphandle kokutshintsha kobume befilimu yentsimbi okanye isakhiwo esiphambili sezinto.
I-2. Izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukuqiniswa komphezulu kunye nesakhiwo esisemva kwexesha
Izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukuqina komphezulu
Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo: I-carbon ye-carbon yentsimbi kunye nentsimbi yekhabhoni yekhabhoni.
I-Pre-Act: Inkqubo eqhelekileyo: Umlinganiso. Ukuba iipropathi eziphambili azithathi ntweni, ukuzinza ngendlela eqhelekileyo kunokusetyenziswa endaweni yoko.
Isakhiwo se-Post-sen
Ubume bomphezulu: Umaleko woMphezulu oqhelekileyo wenza isakhiwo esilukhuni esifana ne-Marterite okanye i-bainete, ebonelela ngobunzima obukhulu kwaye unxibe ukunganyangeki.
Isakhiwo esiphambili: Isiseko sensimbi ngokubanzi sigcina ubume bayo, njengePearlite okanye i-Pearlite, kuxhomekeka kwinkqubo yangaphambi konyango kunye nepropathi yezinto ezisisiseko. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziphambili zigcina ubunzima obufanelekileyo namandla.
B.Charactestistics ye-Interplastic Preen
I-1.High Height Height kunye neqondo lobushushu ngokukhawuleza: Ukunyuka komgangatho wokuqhubela phambili kubandakanya ubushushu obuphezulu kunye namaxabiso okufudumeza, ukuvumela ukufudumeza ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elifutshane.
2.Fine Austerite I-Austerite Ferafite Ferafit kwi-World Faming: Ngexesha lokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kunye nenkqubo yokufumana ngokukhawuleza, ungqimba lomhlaba wenza ubugebenga obulungileyo. Emva kokucimeka, umphezulu ophakathi kubandakanya uMarmas oLungileyo, ngobunzima obuqhelekileyo 2
3. Umgangatho womhlaba ophantsi: Ngenxa yexesha elifutshane lokufudumeza, umphezulu womsebenzi awunancinci kwi-oxidation kunye nokuphefumla, kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho womhlaba.
4.Umandla okukhathala amandla: Inguqu yeSigaba seSigaba seMartiatic kwicandelo le-Terter livelisa uxinzelelo, olunyusa amandla okudinwa komsebenzi.
5. Ukusebenza kwempumelelo: Ukunyuka komgangatho wokuqhubela phambili kufanelekile kwimveliso yobuninzi, ukubonelela ngokuphumelela okuphezulu.
C.Ukuziswa konyango lobushushu bekhemikhali
Carburizing,Carburizing,Carburizing,Chromizing,Siliconizing,Siliconizing,Siliconizing,Carbonitriding,Borocarburizing
D.gas carbriber
I-carburcing yegesi yinkqubo apho umsebenzi owenziweyo ubekwe kwindawo yokugcina irhasi yegesi kwaye wafudusela kubushushu obuguqula intsimbi kubaphathi. Emva koko, iarhente ye-carbriting ikhutshiwe kwiziko, okanye i-carbribersung ye-carbriting iyoziswa ngokuthe ngqo, ivumela ii-atom zekhabhoni ukuba zihlukane nomaleko womgangatho womsebenzi. Le nkqubo yonyusa umxholo wekhabhoni (WC%) kumphezulu we-windows.
Iiarhente ze-√carburiting:
Iigesi ze-carbon ezityebileyo: ezinje ngerhasi yelahleko, igesi yepetroli enepetrole (i-LPG), njl.
• Ulwelo lwezinto eziphilayo: ezinjenge-kerosene, methanol, benzene, njl.
I-Parameters yenkqubo ye-√carburbusters:
• Iqondo lokushisa elicekeceke: 920 ~ 90 ° C.
• Ixesha lokucamngca: lixhomekeke kubunzulu obufunayo bomaleko we-carburid kunye nobushushu becarburing.
I-e.heatt emva kokucaphukisa
Intsimbi kufuneka iqhubeke i-suby nyango emva kokucaphukisa.
Inkqubo yonyango lobushushu emva kokucaphukisa:
I-√quenchhing + iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi
I-Quenchting yokucima emva kokupholisa amaqondo obushushu + asezantsi
2.Ukugqitha ukucokiseka emva kokupholisa amaqondo obushushu + amaqondo obushushu asezantsi: emva kokudibana, i-godtoiece iphola ngokuthe ngcembe kubushushu begumbi, emva koko yaphoswa ngokucikida kunye nokucaphuka kweqondo lobushushu.
3.Ukulanda emva kokupholisa amaqondo obushushu + asezantsi: emva kokucaphuka kwaye kucotha ukupholisa, umsebenzi wokusebenza uphosa amanqanaba amabini okufudumeza aze alandelwe ngamaqondo obushushu asezantsi.
Unyango lobushushu be-teels
I-1.Deminition yonyango lobushushu bekhemikhali
Unyango lobushushu lwekhemikhali luyinkqubo yobushushu enobushushu apho i-godpiece yomsebenzi wentsimbi ifakwe kwindawo ethile esebenzayo, eshushu, kwaye iqhutywa ngamaqondo obushushu, ivumela ii-atom ezisebenzayo kwindawo yomsebenzi. Oku kutshintsha ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kunye nobume bemichiza yendawo yokusebenza, ngaloo ndlela butshintsha ubume bayo.
Inkqubo ye-2basic yenkqubo yokufumana ubushushu beekhemikhali
Ukuhombisa: Ngexesha lokufudumeza, i-Medium esebenzayo ibola, ukhulula iiathom ezisebenzayo.
Ukufunxa: Iiathom ezisebenzayo ziqinisekiswa ngumphezulu wensimbi kwaye zinyibilike kwisisombululo esiqinileyo sensimbi.
Ukwahluka: Ii-athom ezisebenzayo ezixhonywe kwaye zichithwe kumphezulu wensimbi efuduka kwi-Inter.
Iindidi zendawo yokuqhubela phambili
I-A.High-Requenction yokufudumeza
Rhoqo ngoku: 250 ~ 300 khz.
Ubunzulu bobunzulu be-FORTER: 0.5 ~ 2.0 mm.
Izicelo: I-Medium kunye neMidyuli yeModyuli kunye nencinci ukuya kwi-Shafts ephakathi.
I-B.medium ye-Frequenction yokufudumeza
Rhoqo ngoku: 2500 ~ 8000 khz.
Ubunzulu bobunzulu be-HORTER: 2 ~ 10 mm.
Izicelo: Ii-shafts ezinkulu kunye ezinkulu kwiimbeko zemodyuli eziphakathi.
I-C.Xawer-Frequenction ye-Prequenction
Izantya ezikhoyo: 50 hz.
Ubunzulu bobunzulu be-10 ~ 15 mm.
IZICELO
I-3. Ukuqhekeza umphezulu
Umgaqo osisiseko we-Impompo yokuqhekeza
Isiphumo solusu:
Xa ukutshintsha okwangoku kwi-Coil yokuqhelanisa ne-Indel ikhupha umda kumphezulu wecandelo lokusebenza, uninzi lwabasebenzi abaphazanyiswayo lugxile kufutshane nomphezulu, ngelixa phantse akukho xesha lidlulayo kwi-Intanethi. Le phenomeno yaziwa njengolusu.
Umgaqo we-Interplace Shutring Hardeng:
Ngokusekwe kwifuthe lolusu, umphezulu womsebenzi ushushu ngokukhawuleza kubushushu obuza kukhawulezisa (ukunyuka ukuya kwi-800 ~ ° C kwimizuzwana embalwa), ngelixa ingaphakathi yomsebenzi ehlala iphantse yangaphantsi. Umsebenzi osebenzayo uphononongwa ngamanzi okutshiza, ukufezekisa ukuqina.
I-Brightter
Ukutyibilikisa ubuchule kwintsimbi ecinyiweyo
Ukutshutshisa ubushushu kubhekisa kwi-phenomenon apho ubunzima bempembelelo yentsimbi ecinyiweyo incipha xa kushushu kubushushu obuthile.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwe-brictleng
Uluhlu lobushushu: 250 ° C ukuya kuma-350 ° C.
Iimpawu: Ukuba intsimbi ecinyiweyo icinyiwe kolu luhlu lwamanzi amaqondo, kunokubangela olu hlobo lomlinganiso, olungenakupheliswa.
Isisombululo: Kuphephe ukuhenda intsimbi kuloluhlu lobushushu.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwe-Brictleng Trict Trict ukwabizwa ngokuba ngumlinganiso wobushushu obuphantsi okanye ubuchwephesha obungenakuguqulwa.
Ⅵ.ming
I-1.Mantla yinkqubo yokugqibela yonyango elandela ukungcungcutheka.
Kutheni le nto icinyiwe ifuna ukubanjwa?
Ubukhulu be-Microstation emva kokucimeka: Emva kokucimeka, i-microst yolawulo yentsimbi inama-Marterite kunye ne-Austedite eshiyekileyo. Zombini zizigaba ezisebenzayo kwaye ziya kuguqula phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
Iipropathi zeMarticate: UMartenite ubonakaliswa ngabanzima obukhulu kodwa nobubanzi obukhulu (ngakumbi inaliti enkulu-efana ne-marbon enentabalala-efana ne-martenite), engafezekisi iimfuno zomsebenzi kwizicelo ezininzi.
Iimpawu zenguqu Martiaticic: Inguqu kum uMartine wenzeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Emva kokucimeka, umsebenzi wokusebenza unezicinezo zangaphakathi zentsalela ezinokukhokelela ekulahlekisweni okanye ukuqhekeka.
ISIQINISEKISO: I-Wordpiece ayinakusetyenziswa ngqo emva kokucinywa! Ukutshutshiswa kubalulekile ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nokuphucula ubunzima bendawo yokusebenza, eyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa.
2.8Ingqinile phakathi kobunzima kunye nokukhulisa amandla:
Ubungakanani:
Uxinzelelo lubhekisa kubuchule bentsimbi ukuze bafumane ubunzulu obuthile bokulimala (ubunzulu becala elilukhuni) emva kokucinywa. Kuxhomekeka kubume bentsimbi kunye nolwakhiwo, ngakumbi izinto zayo zolwabiwo kunye nohlobo lwentsimbi. Ubuthathaka ngumlinganiso wensimbi enokukhumbula njani kubo bonke ubungqingqwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuveza.
Ubunzima (umthamo wokuqinisa):
Ubunzima, okanye ukwalukhuni, kubhekisa kubunzima obukhulu obunokufezekiswa kwintsimbi emva kokucinywa. Kukuphenjelelwa ngumxholo wekhabhoni wensimbi. Umxholo wekhabhoni ephezulu ukhokelela kubunzima obunokubakho, kodwa oku kunokunqunyulwa zizixhobo zentsimbi kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yokuhamba.
3.Ingaphezulu kwentsimbi
√concept yobukhuni
Uxinzelelo lubhekisa kubuchule bentsimbi ukuze kufezekiswe ubunzulu obuthile bokubekwa kukaMartiriya emva kokucinywa kubushushu obuzimeleyo. Ngemibandela elula, kukukwazi kwentsimbi ukuze kube senze uMartenite ngexesha lokucima.
Ukulinganiswa kokukhula
Ubungakanani bobutya buthathaka kuboniswe bubunzulu becala elilukhuni olufunyenwe phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo emva kokucinywa.
Ubunzulu bobunzulu obunzima: Obunzulu obuvela kumphezulu womsebenzi kwingingqi apho isakhiwo sinesiqingatha se-martenite.
Imithombo yeendaba eqhelekileyo:
• amanzi
Iimpawu: Uqoqosho ngolwazi oluqinileyo lokupholisa, kodwa linenqanaba lokupholisa eliphezulu kufutshane nendawo yokubila, enokukhokelela ekupholeni kakhulu.
Isicelo: esisetyenziselwa i-carbon steels.
Amanzi etyiwa: isisombululo setyuwa okanye i-alkali emanzini, enamanzi aphezulu okupholisa kwiqondo lobushushu elithelekiswa namanzi, esenza ilungele i-carbon stels.
• ioyile
Iimpawu: Inika ireyithi yokupholisa iqondo lokupholisa eliphantsi (kufutshane nendawo yokubila), enciphisa ngokufanelekileyo utyekelo lwengcaciso kunye nokuqhekeza, kodwa iphantsi kokukholisa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
Isicelo: Ilungele izistim.
Iindidi: zibandakanya ukunciphisa ioyile, ioyile yomatshini, kunye ne-piesel peel.
Ixesha lokufudumeza
Ixesha lokufudumeza liquka zombini izinga lokufudumeza (ixesha elithathiweyo ukufikelela kubushushu obufunayo) kunye nexesha lokubanjwa (ixesha eligcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa).
Imigaqo yokumisela ixesha lokufudumeza: Qinisekisa ukusasazwa kobushushu obulinganayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokusebenza, ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
Qinisekisa ukuba i-austitetitition gqibelele kwaye i-austete i iyunifomu kwaye ilungile.
Isiseko sokumisela ixesha lokufudumeza: Ngokwesiqhelo kuqikelelwa kusetyenziswa iifomula zendlela okanye ezimiselweyo ngokulinganayo.
Ukucima imithombo yeendaba
Izinto ezimbini eziphambili:
Iqondo lokulinganisa: Ixabiso eliphezulu lokupholisa likhuthaza ukumiswa kweMarteyini.
I-B. SONALONAL INDLELA: Inqanaba eliphezulu lokupholisa linyusa uxinzelelo lwentsalela, enokukhokelela kwi-tentate enkulu yokusebenza kunye nokuqhekeka kumsebenzi.
Ⅶ.Alitha
1. INKCAZELO YOKUGQIBELA
Ukuziqhelanisa nenkqubo yobushushu yonyango apho intsimbi ifudunyezwa khona kubushushu be-30 ° C ukuya kwi-50 ° C ngaphezulu kweqondo lobushushu le-AC3, ipholelwe kwiqondo lokushisa, kwaye emva koko ipholile i-microstmium State State. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuthile, ukwenza into eqhelekileyo kunenqanaba lokupholisa ngokukhawuleza, kukhokelela kwimozulu ye-pearlite ye-pearlite (p) kunye namandla aphezulu kunye nobunzima.
I-2. Injongo yokuphawula
Injongo yokuqhelisela okuqhelekileyo kuyafana neyo.
I-3. Ukusetyenziswa kokuqhelisela
• Susa i-cemerary ye-cemerary.
• Khonza njengonyango lokugqibela lobushushu lwamacandelo aneemfuno ezisezantsi.
• Yenza njengonyango lobushushu lokulungiselela kwi-carbon ye-carbon ye-carbon ukuphucula ubisi.
4.types ze-anneng
Uhlobo lokuqala lwe-ALTE:
Injongo kunye nomsebenzi
Iindidi:
Ukuhlutha i-Anneing: ijolise ekupheliseni ukwakhiwa ngokuphelisa ukwahlula.
• I-recystallition iyothula: Ibuyisela umda ngokuphelisa iziphumo zomsebenzi.
Ukunceda koxinzelelo
Uhlobo lwesibini lokulinganisa:
Injongo nomsebenzi Olu hlobo lohlobo lukwaqinisekisa ukuba usasazo kunye ne-morphology ye-pearlite, i-Ferrite, kunye ne-carbides zihlangabeza iimfuno ezithile.
Iindidi:
• Ukuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo: ukukhwela intsimbi ngaphezulu kweqondo lobushushu le-AC3 kwaye emva koko kuphole kancinci ukuvelisa isakhiwo se-Pearl.
• Ukuthintelwa okungaphelelanga: uyayiva intsimbi phakathi kwe-AC1 kunye neqondo lobushushu le-AC3 lokuguqula ngokuyinxalenye.
• I-isothermal i-Anneating: Uyabetha intsimbi ukuya ngasentla kwi-AC3, ilandelwe ngokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kubushushu be-isothermal kwaye babambe ukufezekisa isakhiwo esifunayo.
• Ukuqhekeka okuphelisa: kuvelisa ubume be-spheroidel ye-spheroid, kuphuculwe ubisi kunye nobunzima.
Ⅷ..Deminition yonyango lobushushu
Unyango lobushushu lubhekisa kwinkqubo apho inyibilikisi, igcinwe kubushushu obuthile, kwaye ipholile ngelixa ikwimeko eqinileyo yokutshintsha isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi kunye nokufezekiswa kweepropathi ezinqwenelekayo.
2.Charactestics yonyango lobushushu
Unyango lobushushu alutshintshi yobume bendawo yokusebenza; Endaweni yoko, iguqula isakhiwo sangaphakathi kunye nolwakhiwo lwentsimbi, elitshintshile litshintsha iipropathi zentsimbi.
3.Purive yonyango lobushushu
Injongo yonyango lobushushu kukuphucula iipropathi zoomatshini okanye zokwenza izinto zentsimbi (okanye izinto zomsebenzi), zisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo amandla entsimbi, ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi benkonzo.
ISIQINISEKISO SESIQINISEKISO
Nokuba iipropathi zomzimba zinokuphuculwa ngokunyanga ubushushu zixhomekeke ngokunzulu ekubeni kukho iinguqu kulwakhiwo nakwimisebenzi yokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: AUG-19 ukuya ku-2024