Ntug Hollow
Lus piav qhia luv luv:
Ib qho square hollow seem (SHS) yog hais txog ib hom hlau profile uas muaj ib qho square cross-section thiab hollow sab hauv. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab tsim kev lag luam rau ntau yam kev siv vim nws cov yam ntxwv thiab zoo nkauj zog.
Hollow Structural Section:
Ib qho hollow seem hais txog cov hlau profile nrog lub hollow core thiab feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam qauv thiab engineering daim ntaub ntawv. Lo lus "hollow seem" yog ib pawg dav uas suav nrog ntau yam duab, suav nrog square, rectangular, ncig, thiab lwm yam kev cai duab. Cov seem no yog tsim los muab cov qauv tsim muaj zog thiab ruaj khov thaum feem ntau txo qhov hnyav.Hollow seem feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau xws li steel, aluminium, lossis lwm yam alloys.Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom yog nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv xws li lub zog yuav tsum tau muaj, corrosion resistance, thiab lub hom phiaj. daim ntawv thov.
Specifications ntawm steel hollow seem:
| Qib | 302, 304, 316, 430 |
| Txuj | ASTM A312, ASTM A213 |
| Nto | kub dov pickled, polished |
| Technology | Kub Rolled, Welded, Txias Drawn |
| Tawm Dia | 1/8 "~ 32", 6mm ~ 830mm |
| Hom | Square Hollow Section (SHS), Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS), Circular Hollow Section (CHS) |
| Raw Khoom | POSCO, Baosteel, TISCO, Saky Steel, Outokumpu |
Tyoes ntawm hollow seem:
Square Hollow Section (SHS):
Ib qho Square Hollow Section (SHS) yog ib qho hlau profile nrog square cross-section thiab hollow sab hauv. Kev siv dav hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim khoom, SHS muaj qhov zoo xws li lub zog-rau-hnyav efficiency, kev ua haujlwm ntau yam, thiab yooj yim ntawm fabrication. Nws cov duab geometric huv thiab ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg ua rau nws tsim nyog rau lub tsev thav duab, kev txhawb nqa cov qauv, tshuab, thiab lwm yam kev siv. SHS feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li hlau lossis txhuas, ua raws li cov qauv kev lag luam, thiab tuaj yeem kho rau corrosion kuj.
Square Hollow Section (SHS) DIMENSIONS/SIZES TABLE:
| Loj mm | kg/m | Loj mm | kg/m |
| 20 x 20 x 2.0 | 1.12 | 20 x 20 x 2.5 | 1.35 Nws |
| 25 x 25 x 1.5 | 1.06 ib | 25 x 25 x 2.0 | 1.43 ib |
| 25 X 25 X 2.5 | 1.74 ib | 25 X 25 X 3.0 | 2.04 Nws |
| 30 X 30 X 2.0 | 1.68 ib | 30 X 30 X 2.5 | 2.14 |
| 30 X 30 X 3.0 | 2.51 ib | 40 x 40 x 1.5 | 1.81 ib |
| 40 x 40 x 2.0 | 2.31 Nws | 40 x 40 x 2.5 | 2.92 ib |
| 40 x 40 x 3.0 | 3.45 Nws | 40 x 40 x 4.0 | 4.46 ib |
| 40 x 40 x 5.0 | 5.40 Nws | 50 x 50 x 1.5 | 2.28 |
| 50 x 50 x 2.0 | 2.93 ib | 50 x 50 x 2.5 | 3.71 ib |
| 50 x 50 x 3.0 | 4.39 ib | 50 x 50 x 4.0 | 5.72 ib |
| 50 x 50 x 5.0 | 6.97 ib | 60 x 60 x 3.0 | 5.34 ib |
| 60 x 60 x 4.0 | 6.97 ib | 60 x 60 x 5.0 | 8.54 ib |
| 60 x 60 x 6.0 | 9.45 Nws | 70 x 70 x 3.0 | 6.28 ib |
| 70 x 70 x 3.6 | 7.46 ib | 70 x 70 x 5.0 | 10.11 Nws |
| 70 x 70 x 6.3 | 12.50 Nws | 70 x 70 x 8 | 15.30 Nws |
| 75 x 75 x 3.0 | 7.07 ib | 80 x 80 x 3.0 | 7.22 ib |
| 80 x 80 x 3.6 | 8.59 ib | 80 x 80 x 5.0 | 11.70 Nws |
| 80 x 80 x 6.0 | 13.90 Nws | 90 x 90 x 3.0 | 8.01 Nws |
| 90 x 90 x 3.6 | 9.72 ib | 90 x 90 x 5.0 | 13.30 Nws |
| 90 x 90 x 6.0 | 15.76 Nws | 90 x 90 x 8.0 | 20.40 Nws |
| 100 x 100 x 3.0 | 8.96 ib | 100 x 100 x 4.0 | 12.00 Nws |
| 100 x 100 x 5.0 | 14.80 Nws | 100 x 100 x 5.0 | 14.80 Nws |
| 100 x 100 x 6.0 | 16.19 Nws | 100 x 100 x 8.0 | 22.90 Nws |
| 100 x 100 x 10 | 27.90 Nws | 120 x 120 x 5 | 18.00 Nws |
| 120 x 120 x 6.0 | 21.30 Nws | 120 X 120 X 6.3 | 22.30 Nws |
| 120 x 120 x 8.0 | 27.90 Nws | 120 x 120 x 10 | 34.20 Nws |
| 120 X 120 X 12 | 35.8 ib | 120 X 120 X 12.5 | 41.60 Nws |
| 140 X 140 X 5.0 | 21.10 Nws | 140 X 140 X 6.3 | 26.30 Nws |
| 140 X 140 X 8 | 32.90 Nws | 140 X 140 X 10 | 40.40 Nws |
| 140 X 140 X 12.5 | 49.50 Nws | 150 X 150 X 5.0 | 22.70 Nws |
| 150 X 150 X 6.3 | 28.30 Nws | 150 X 150 X 8.0 | 35.40 Nws |
| 150 X 150 X 10 | 43.60 Nws | 150 X 150 X 12.5 | 53.40 Nws |
| 150 X 150 X 16 | 66.40 Nws | 150 X 150 X 16 | 66.40 Nws |
| 180 X 180 X 5 | 27.40 Nws | 180 X 180 X 6.3 | 34.20 Nws |
| 180 X 180 X 8 | 43.00 Nws | 180 X 180 X 10 | 53.00 Nws |
| 180 X 180 X 12.5 | 65.20 Nws | 180 X 180 X 16 | 81.40 ib |
| 200 X 200 X 5 | 30.50 Nws | 200 X 200 X 6 | 35.8 ib |
| 200 x 200 x 6.3 | 38.2 ib | 200 x 200 x 8 | 48.00 Nws |
| 200 x 200 x 10 | 59.30 Nws | 200 x 200 x 12.5 | 73.00 Nws |
| 200 x 200 x 16 | 91.50 ib | 250 x 250 x 6.3 | 48.10 Nws |
| 250 x 250 x 8 | 60.50 Nws | 250 x 250 x 10 | 75.00 Nws |
| 250 x 250 x 12.5 | 92.60 ib | 250 x 250 x 16 | 117.00 Nws |
| 300 x 300 x 6.3 | 57.90 ib | 300 x 300 x 8 | 73.10 Nws |
| 300 x 300 x 10 | 57.90 ib | 300 x 300 x 8 | 90.70 ib |
| 300 x 300 x 12.5 | 112.00 Nws | 300 x 300 x 16 | 142.00 Nws |
| 350 x 350 x 8 | 85.70 ib | 350 x 350 x 10 | 106.00 Nws |
| 350 x 350 x 12.5 | 132.00 Nws | 350 x 350 x 16 | 167.00 Nws |
| 400 x 400 x 10 | 122.00 Nws | 400 x 400 x 12 | 141.00 Nws |
| 400 x 400 x 12.5 mm | 152.00 Nws | 400 x 400 x 16 | 192 |
Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS):
Lub Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS) yog ib qho hlau profile uas nws cov duab plaub ntu thiab hollow sab hauv. RHS feem ntau ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim kho thiab tsim khoom vim nws cov qauv kev ua tau zoo thiab hloov tau. Qhov profile no muab lub zog thaum txo qhov hnyav, ua rau nws haum rau ntau yam kev siv xws li lub tsev thav duab, kev txhawb nqa, thiab cov khoom siv tshuab. Zoo ib yam li Square Hollow Sections (SHS), RHS feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li hlau lossis txhuas thiab ua raws li cov qauv kev lag luam rau qhov ntev thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Nws cov duab plaub thiab ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg muaj ntau yam hauv kev ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm engineering.
Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS) DIMENSIONS/SIZES TABLE:
| Loj mm | kg/m | Loj mm | kg/m |
| 40 x 20 x 2.0 | 1.68 ib | 40 x 20 x 2.5 | 2.03 Nws |
| 40 x 20 x 3.0 | 2.36 ib | 40 x 25 x 1.5 | 1.44 ib |
| 40 x 25 x 2.0 | 1.89 ib | 40 x 25 x 2.5 | 2.23 |
| 50 x 25 x 2.0 | 2.21 | 50 x 25 x 2.5 | 2.72 ib |
| 50 x 25 x 3.0 | 3.22 | 50 x 30 x 2.5 | 2.92 ib |
| 50 x 30 x 3.0 | 3.45 Nws | 50 x 30 x 4.0 | 4.46 ib |
| 50 x 40 x 3.0 | 3.77 ib | 60 x 40 x 2.0 | 2.93 ib |
| 60 x 40 x 2.5 | 3.71 ib | 60 x 40 x 3.0 | 4.39 ib |
| 60 x 40 x 4.0 | 5.72 ib | 70 x 50 x 2 | 3.56 ib |
| 70 x 50 x 2.5 | 4.39 ib | 70 x 50 x 3.0 | 5.19 ib |
| 70 x 50 x 4.0 | 6.71 ib | 80 x 40 x 2.5 | 4.26 |
| 80 x 40 x 3.0 | 5.34 ib | 80 x 40 x 4.0 | 6.97 ib |
| 80 x 40 x 5.0 | 8.54 ib | 80 x 50 x 3.0 | 5.66 ib |
| 80 x 50 x 4.0 | 7.34 ib | 90 x 50 x 3.0 | 6.28 ib |
| 90 x 50 x 3.6 | 7.46 ib | 90 x 50 x 5.0 | 10.11 Nws |
| 100 x 50 x 2.5 | 5.63 ib | 100 x 50 x 3.0 | 6.75 ib |
| 100 x 50 x 4.0 | 8.86 ib | 100 x 50 x 5.0 | 10.90 Nws |
| 100 x 60 x 3.0 | 7.22 ib | 100 x 60 x 3.6 | 8.59 ib |
| 100 x 60 x 5.0 | 11.70 Nws | 120 x 80 x 2.5 | 7.65 ib |
| 120 x 80 x 3.0 | 9.03 Nws | 120 x 80 x 4.0 | 12.00 Nws |
| 120 x 80 x 5.0 | 14.80 Nws | 120 x 80 x 6.0 | 17.60 Nws |
| 120 x 80 x 8.0 | 22.9 ib | 150 x 100 x 5.0 | 18.70 Nws |
| 150 x 100 x 6.0 | 22.30 Nws | 150 x 100 x 8.0 | 29.10 Nws |
| 150 x 100 x 10.0 | 35.70 Nws | 160 x 80 x 5.0 | 18.00 Nws |
| 160 x 80 x 6.0 | 21.30 Nws | 160 x 80 x 5.0 | 27.90 Nws |
| 200 x 100 x 5.0 | 22.70 Nws | 200 x 100 x 6.0 | 27.00 Nws |
| 200 x 100 x 8.0 | 35.4 ib | 200 x 100 x 10.0 | 43.60 Nws |
| 250 x 150 x 5.0 | 30.5 ib | 250 x 150 x 6.0 | 38.2 ib |
| 250 x 150 x 8.0 | 48.0 Nws | 250 x 150 x 10 | 59.3 ib |
| 300 x 200 x 6.0 | 48.10 Nws | 300 x 200 x 8.0 | 60.50 Nws |
| 300 x 200 x 10.0 | 75.00 Nws | 400 x 200 x 8.0 | 73.10 Nws |
| 400 x 200 x 10.0 | 90.70 ib | 400 x 200 x 16 | 142.00 Nws |
Circular Hollow Sections (CHS):
Circular Hollow Section (CHS) yog cov hlau profile txawv los ntawm nws cov kab hla hla thiab hollow sab hauv. CHS tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim vaj tsev, muab qhov zoo xws li kev tsim lub zog, torsional rigidity, thiab yooj yim ntawm fabrication. Qhov profile no feem ntau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas ib puag ncig zoo, xws li hauv kab, ncej, lossis cov khoom siv uas xav tau kev faib khoom sib luag.
RCircular Hollow Section (CHS) DIMENSIONS/SIZES TABLE:
| Nominal Bore mm | Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla mm | Thickness hli | Qhov hnyav kg / m |
| 15 | 21.3 | 2.00 Nws | 0.95 ib |
| 2.60 ib | 1.21 | ||
| 3.20 | 1.44 ib | ||
| 20 | 26.9 ib | 2.30 Nws | 1.38 ib |
| 2.60 ib | 1.56 ib | ||
| 3.20 | 1.87 ib | ||
| 25 | 33.7 ib | 2.60 ib | 1.98 ib |
| 3.20 | 0.24 ib | ||
| 4.00 Nws | 2.93 ib | ||
| 32 | 42.4 ib | 2.60 ib | 2.54 ib |
| 3.20 | 3.01 Nws | ||
| 4.00 Nws | 3.79 ib | ||
| 40 | 48.3 ib | 2.90 ib | 3.23 |
| 3.20 | 3.56 ib | ||
| 4.00 Nws | 4.37 ib | ||
| 50 | 60.3 | 2.90 ib | 4.08 Nws |
| 3.60 ib | 5.03 ib | ||
| 5.00 Nws | 6.19 ib | ||
| 65 | 76.1 ib | 3.20 | 5.71 ib |
| 3.60 ib | 6.42 ib | ||
| 4.50 Nws | 7.93 ib | ||
| 80 | 88.9 ua | 3.20 | 6.72 ib |
| 4.00 Nws | 8.36 ib | ||
| 4.80 ib | 9.90 ib | ||
| 100 | 114.3 ib | 3.60 ib | 9.75 ib |
| 4.50 Nws | 12.20 Nws | ||
| 5.40 Nws | 14.50 Nws | ||
| 125 | 139.7 ib | 4.50 Nws | 15.00 Nws |
| 4.80 ib | 15.90 Nws | ||
| 5.40 Nws | 17.90 Nws | ||
| 150 | 165.1 ib | 4.50 Nws | 17.80 Nws |
| 4.80 ib | 18.90 Nws | ||
| 5.40 Nws | 21.30 Nws | ||
| 150 | 168.3 ib | 5.00 Nws | 20.1 |
| 6.3 | 25.2 ib | ||
| 8.00 Nws | 31.6 ib | ||
| 10.00 Nws | 39 | ||
| 12.5 ib | 48 | ||
| 200 | 219.1 ib | 4.80 ib | 25.38 Nws |
| 6.00 Nws | 31.51 Nws | ||
| 8.00 Nws | 41.67 ib | ||
| 10.00 Nws | 51.59 ib | ||
| 250 | 273 | 6.00 Nws | 39.51 Nws |
| 8.00 Nws | 52.30 Nws | ||
| 10.00 Nws | 64.59 ib | ||
| 300 | 323.9 ib | 6.30 Nws | 49.36 ib |
| 8.00 Nws | 62.35 Nws | ||
| 10.00 Nws | 77.44 ib |
Nta & Cov txiaj ntsig:
•Cov qauv tsim ntawm hollow seem tso cai rau kev tswj xyuas lub zog ntawm lub cev thaum txo qhov hnyav.Qhov kev tsim no ua rau cov ntu hollow los muab cov qauv kev ua haujlwm siab thaum cov kabmob loads, haum rau cov haujlwm uas qhov hnyav hnyav yog qhov tseem ceeb.
•Hollow seem, los ntawm kev tsim cov voids nyob rau hauv lub cross-section, tuaj yeem siv tau cov ntaub ntawv zoo thiab txo qhov hnyav uas tsis tsim nyog.Qhov kev tsim qauv no pab txo cov nqi khoom thaum tuav cov qauv tsim kom muaj zog.
•Vim lawv cov duab zoo, hollow seem nthuav tawm zoo heev torsional thiab dabtsi yog khoov rigidity.Cov cuab yeej no ua kom ruaj khov kev ua tau zoo thaum ntsib twisting lossis dabtsi yog khoov loads.
•Hollow seem tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li kev txiav thiab vuam, thiab lawv yooj yim rau kev sib txuas.Qhov kev tsim khoom yooj yim thiab kev sib txuas no yuav pab txhim kho kev tsim kho thiab tsim khoom, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm.
•Hollow seem tsis yog tsuas yog square, rectangular, thiab voj voos tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam kev cai cov duab raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.Qhov no yooj yooj yim ua rau hollow seem haum rau ntau yam engineering thiab manufacturing daim ntaub ntawv.
•Hollow seem feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov hlau xws li steel, aluminium, thiab ntau yam alloys.Qhov no muaj ntau haiv neeg tso cai rau hollow seem kom tau raws li cov khoom siv yam ntxwv yuav tsum tau rau ntau yam engineering tej yaam num.
Chemical Composition Ntawm txias tsim hollow seem:
| Qib | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo |
| 301 | 0.15 | 2.0 | 0.045 ib | 0.030 Nws | 1.0 | 16-18.0 Nws | 6.0-8.0 Nws | - |
| 302 | 0.15 | 2.0 | 0.045 ib | 0.030 Nws | 1.0 | 17-19 | 8.0-10.0 Nws | - |
| 304 | 0.15 | 2.0 | 0.045 ib | 0.030 Nws | 1.0 | 18.0-20.0 Nws | 8.0-10.5 Nws | - |
| 304l ua | 0.030 Nws | 2.0 | 0.045 ib | 0.030 Nws | 1.0 | 18-20.0 Nws | 9-13.5 Nws | - |
| 316 | 0.045 ib | 2.0 | 0.045 ib | 0.030 Nws | 1.0 | 10-18.0 Nws | 10-14.0 Nws | 2.0-3.0 Nws |
| 316l ua | 0.030 Nws | 2.0 | 0.045 ib | 0.030 Nws | 1.0 | 16-18.0 Nws | 12-15.0 Nws | 2.0-3.0 Nws |
| 430 | 0.12 | 1.0 | 0.040 ib | 0.030 Nws | 0.75 ib | 16-18.0 Nws | 0.60 ib | - |
Mechanical zog:
| Qib | Tensile zog ksi [MPa] | Yiled Strengtu ksi [MPa] |
| 304 | 75 [515] | 30 [205] |
| 304l ua | 70 [485] | 25 [170] |
| 316 | 75 [515] | 30 [205] |
| 316l ua | 70 [485] | 25 [170] |
Hollow seem FAQ Qhia:
Vim li cas thiaj xaiv peb?
•Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom zoo meej raws li qhov koj xav tau ntawm tus nqi tsawg kawg nkaus.
•Peb kuj muab Reworks, FOB, CFR, CIF, thiab qhov rooj rau qhov rooj tus nqi xa khoom. Peb xav kom koj ua deal rau shipping uas yuav zoo heev.
•Cov ntaub ntawv uas peb muab yog muaj tseeb tiag, txoj cai los ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv xeem daim ntawv pov thawj mus rau qhov kawg dimensional nqe lus.
•Peb lav muab cov lus teb tsis pub dhau 24 teev (feem ntau hauv tib lub sijhawm)
•Muab SGS TUV daim ntawv qhia.
•Peb muaj siab rau peb cov neeg muas zaub. Yog tias nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li koj cov kev xav tau tom qab kuaj xyuas tag nrho cov kev xaiv, peb yuav tsis ntxias koj los ntawm kev cog lus tsis tseeb uas yuav tsim kev sib raug zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom.
•Muab kev pabcuam ib-nres.
hollow seem yog dab tsi?
Ib qho hollow seem hais txog cov hlau profile nrog lub voided sab hauv, tuaj nyob rau hauv cov duab zoo li square, rectangular, ncig, los yog kev cai tsim. Feem ntau ua los ntawm steel, aluminium, los yog alloys, hollow seem yog dav siv hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim khoom. Lawv muab lub zog nrog qhov hnyav tsawg, cov khoom siv tau zoo, thiab kev siv ntau yam hauv kev siv xws li lub tsev thav duab, cov khoom siv tshuab, thiab lwm yam. Hollow seem yog hloov tau, yooj yim fabricated, thiab feem ntau standardized raws li qhov ntev thiab specifications, ua rau lawv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ntau yam engineering thiab structural tej yaam num.
Dab tsi yog hollow raj nrog ncig hla ntu?
Hollow hlab nrog ib ncig hla ntu, feem ntau hu ua ncig hollow seem (CHS), yog cov qauv cylindrical nrog rau sab hauv khoob. Feem ntau ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li steel lossis aluminium, cov raj no pom dav siv hauv kev tsim kho thiab tsim khoom. Lawv cov duab zoo sib xws muab cov kev sib txawv ntawm kev ntxhov siab, ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau kev siv xws li kab, ncej, thiab kev txhawb nqa. Lub voj voos muaj qhov zoo torsional thiab khoov rigidity, yog yooj yim fabricated los ntawm kev txiav thiab vuam, thiab feem ntau ua raws li tus qauv qhov ntev rau qhov sib xws thiab sib xws. Nrog versatility thiab adaptability, cov hlab no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kev lag luam, suav nrog kev tsim kho thiab tshuab.
Qhov txawv ntawm hollow seem thiab kuv beam yog dab tsi?
Hollow seem yog hlau profiles nrog lub hollow sab hauv, muaj nyob rau hauv cov duab zoo li square, rectangular, los yog ncig, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim khoom. Lawv muab lub zog los ntawm cov npoo sab nraud ntawm ntu.Kuv-beams, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj I-shaped cross-section nrog cov khoom flange thiab lub vev xaib. Siv dav hauv kev tsim kho, I-beams faib qhov hnyav raws qhov ntev ntawm cov qauv, muab lub zog thoob plaws. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm lawv yog nyob ntawm cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv thiab cov kev xav tsim.
Peb Cov Neeg Siv Khoom
Cov lus teb los ntawm peb cov neeg siv khoom
Hollow seem feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov hlau xws li hlau, txhuas, thiab ntau yam alloys.Qhov kev sib txawv no tso cai rau cov seem hollow kom tau raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov haujlwm engineering sib txawv.Cov duab geometric ntawm hollow seem feem ntau muaj qhov zoo nkauj dua li cov khoom seem, ua rau lawv. haum rau tej yaam num uas tsim thiab kev zoo nkauj yog xav txog.Vim lawv cov khoom siv tau zoo dua, cov seem hollow tuaj yeem txo cov peev txheej pov tseg, ua raws li cov kev coj ua zoo ib puag ncig.
Ntim:
1. Kev ntim khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb heev tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb uas cov khoom xa tuaj hla ntau txoj hauv kev kom mus txog qhov kawg, yog li peb muab kev txhawj xeeb tshwj xeeb txog kev ntim khoom.
2. Saky Steel pob peb cov khoom hauv ntau txoj hauv kev raws li cov khoom lag luam. Peb ntim peb cov khoom nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, xws li,
