Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko kanye nezimbangela zokukhubazeka okuvamile kuma-forgings?

1. Amamaki esikali sobuso
Izici eziyinhloko: Ukucubungula okungalungile kwefaama-forgingsizobangela izindawo ezimaholoholo kanye nezimpawu zesikali sezinhlanzi. Lezi zimpawu zesikali sezinhlanzi ezimahhadlahhadla zikhiqizwa kalula uma kwenziwa i-austenitic ne-martensitic stainless steel.
Imbangela: Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwasendaweni olubangelwa ukuthambisa okungalingani noma ukukhetha ukugcotshwa okungafanele kanye nekhwalithi ephansi yamafutha okugcoba.
2. Amaphutha amaphutha
Izici eziyinhloko: Ingxenye engenhla ye-die forging ayiqondani kahle ngokuhlobene nengxenye engezansi eduze kwendawo yokuhlukanisa.
Isizathu: Ayikho ibhalansi yokungaqondi kahle kahle idayizi yokufoja, noma i-die forging ayifakiwe ngendlela efanele, noma igebe phakathi kwekhanda lesando nesitimela somhlahlandlela likhulu kakhulu.
3. Ifa elinganele lokuqamba amaphutha
Izici eziyinhloko: Usayizi we-die forging ukhuphuka endaweni eqondile endaweni yokuhlukanisa. Uma usayizi udlula usayizi oshiwo emdwebeni, ukukhohlisa kwe-die okunganele kuzokwenzeka.
Isizathu: Usayizi omkhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokubumba, ukuguga ngokweqile kwesigxobo sokufa, njll. kuzoholela ekucindezelweni okunganele noma ukumelana ngokweqile kwebhuloho le-flash, i-tonnage yemishini enganele, kanye nevolumu ye-billet eyeqile.
4. Ukugcwaliswa kwendawo okunganele
Izici eziyinhloko: Kuvela kakhulu ezimbanjeni, emakhoneni afile a-convex, njll. of the forgings die, futhi phezulu kwengxenye yokugcwalisa noma amakhona ama-forging awagcwaliswa ngokwanele, okwenza uhlaka lwama-forging lungacaci.
Isizathu: Idizayini yembobo yokufa eyandulelayo kanye nembobo yokufa engenalutho ayinangqondo, ithoni yemishini incane, okungenalutho akushisi ngokwanele, futhi uketshezi lwensimbi lubi, okungase kubangele lesi sici.
5. Izinsalela zesakhiwo sokusakaza
Izici eziyinhloko: Uma kunesakhiwo sokusakaza esiyinsalela, ukunwetshwa namandla okukhathala kwama-forging ngokuvamile awafaneleki. Ngenxa yokuthi esiqeshini sokuhlola sokukhulisa okuphansi, ukugeleza kwengxenye evinjiwe yokusakazwa kwensalela akubonakali, futhi ngisho nemikhiqizo ye-dendritic ingabonakala, ebonakala ngokuyinhloko ekufakeni usebenzisa izinsimbi zensimbi njengezikhala.
Isizathu: Ngenxa yesilinganiso sokufoja esinganele noma indlela yokufoja engafanele. Lesi sici sinciphisa ukusebenza kwe-forging, ikakhulukazi ukuqina komthelela kanye nezakhiwo zokukhathala.
6. Inhomogeneity yokusanhlamvu
Izici eziyinhloko: Izinhlamvu kwezinye izingxenye ze-ama-forgingsamaholoholo ikakhulukazi, kuyilapho okusanhlamvu kwezinye izingxenye kuncane, kwakha okusanhlamvu okungalingani. Ama-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu nezinsimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa azwela kakhulu ekungangeni kokusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu.
Imbangela: Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokugcina lokubumba libangela ukuqina komsebenzi wasendaweni we-high-temperature alloy billet. Phakathi nenqubo yokucisha nokushisa, ezinye izinhlamvu zikhula kakhulu noma izinga lokushisa lokuqala lokubumba liphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukuwohloka akwanele, okubangela idigri ye-deformation yendawo ukuthi iwele ekuwohlokeni okubalulekile. Ukungalingani kwezinhlamvu kungaholela kalula ekwehleni kokusebenza kokukhathala nokuqina.
7. Ukukhubazeka kokugoqa
Izici eziyinhloko: Imigqa yokugeleza igobile ekugoqweni kwesifanekiso sokukhulisa kancane, futhi ukugoqa kufana nokubukeka kwemifantu. Uma i-crack, imigqa izonqunywa kabili. Emfanekisweni wokukhulisa kakhulu, ngokungafani naphansi kokuqhekeka, izinhlangothi zombili zine-oxidized kakhulu futhi iphansi eligoqiwe libuthuntu.
Imbangela: Ikakhulukazi ibangelwa ukuphakela okuncane kakhulu, ukuncishiswa okukhulu kakhulu noma irediyasi encane kakhulu ye-anvil fillet phakathi nenqubo yokudweba izimboko zamanduku kanye nama-crankshaft forgings. Ukukhubazeka okugoqayo kubangela ukuba insimbi engaphezulu ene-oxidized ihlangane ndawonye ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba.
8. Ukusatshalaliswa kokuqondisa okungeyikho
Izici eziyinhloko: Lungisa isiphithiphithi esifana ne-streamline reflux, i-eddy current, ukunqanyulwa, kanye ne-convection kwenzeka lapho ukufoja kungamandla amancane.
Isizathu: Idizayini yokufa engalungile, ukukhetha okungalungile kwendlela yokubumba, ukwakheka okungenangqondo nosayizi we-billet.
9. Isakhiwo esinebhande
Izici eziyinhloko: Isakhiwo lapho ezinye izakhiwo noma izigaba ze-ferrite ku-forgings zisatshalaliswa ngamabhendi. Itholakala kakhulu ku-austenitic-ferritic stainless steel, i-semi-martensitic steel ne-eutectoid steel.
Imbangela: Lokhu kubangelwa ukubola kokubumba lapho amasethi amabili ezingxenye ehlala ndawonye. Inciphisa inkomba ye-plasticity eguquguqukayo yezinto ezibonakalayo futhi ijwayele ukuqhekeka endaweni ye-ferrite noma umngcele phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili.