Yiziphi izici eziphambili kanye nezimbangela zeziphambeko ezijwayelekile kuzikhohliso?

1
Izici eziyinhloko: Ukucutshungulwa okungafanele kokufaukuthethelelwakuzodala ama-surface anokhahlo namamaki ezinhlanzini zezinhlanzi. Amamaki anjalo ama-Fish Fish akhiqizwa kalula lapho ekhombisa insimbi engenacala.
Imbangela: ulwelwesi lwe-mucous lwe-mucous olubangelwa ukufutheka okungalingani noma okufundwa okungafanele okufuywayo kanye nekhwalithi empofu yamafutha okugcoba.
2. Iphutha iphutha
Izici eziyinhloko: Ingxenye engenhla yokufa kwazo i-microloved ehlobene nengxenye engezansi engxenyeni ehlukene.
Imbangela: Akukho ukukhiya okungafanele kokukhokhiswa kabi ekufeni okufayo, noma ukufela okufa akufakwanga kahle, noma igebe phakathi kwekhanda lesando kanye nesitimela somhlahlandlela mkhulu kakhulu.
3. Ukufa okunganele kwakha izici
Izici eziyinhloko: Ubukhulu bokwehla kokufa kwanyuselwa ku-retpendicular kuya endaweni ehlukanisayo. Lapho usayizi weqa usayizi ochazwe emdwebeni, ukufela okunganele kuzokwenzeka.
Imbangela: Ubukhulu obukhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukugqoka ngokweqile komgodi ofayo, njll. Kuzoholela ekucindezelweni okunganele noma ukumelana ngokweqile kwe-flash Bridge, ivolumu enganele kakhulu, kanye nevolumu eyeqile ngokweqile.
4. Ukugcwaliswa kwendawo okunganele
Izici eziyinhloko: Kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ezimbanjeni, amakona afile, njll. Offeni lokufa, kanti phezulu kwengxenye yokugcwaliswa noma amakhona okuthethwayo awagcwaliswa ngokwanele, okwenza uhlaka lokukhokhiswa olungahlelwe ngokwanele
Isizathu: Idizayini yokwakha i-defing die cavity kanye nokufakelwa kwe-die cavity akunangqondo, i-overse tonnage incane, futhi i-fluodity yensimbi ayimpofu, futhi i-fluodity yensimbi imbi, okungadala lesi sici.
I-5.
Izici eziyinhloko: Uma kunesakhiwo esisele sokuphonsa, amandla amhlophe kanye nokukhathala kokuthethwa kuvame ukungafaneleki. Ngoba kucezu lokuphakanyiswa kokukhulisa okuphansi, ukusakazwa kwengxenye evinjiwe yokuphonswa kwezinsalela akubonakali, futhi ngisho nemikhiqizo ye-dendritic ingabonakala, okubonakala ngokuyinhloko okubonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwama-ingots wensimbi njengezikhala.
Isizathu: Ngenxa yokuthola isilinganiso esinganele noma indlela efanelekile. Lesi sici sinciphisa ukusebenza kokwenziwa, ikakhulukazi ithonya lobuqili kanye nezakhiwo zokukhathala.
6. Inhlamvu okusanhlamvu
Izici eziyinhloko: okusanhlamvu kwezinye izingxenye zeukuthethelelwazinama-coarse ikakhulukazi, ngenkathi okusanhlamvu kwezinye izingxenye zincane, zakha okusanhlamvu okungalingani. Ama-alloys angaphezulu aphezulu kanye namansimbi amelana nokushisa azwela kakhulu ku-inhomogeneity.
Imbangela: Amazinga okushisa aphansi okugcina abangela ukuthi umsebenzi wendawo uqiniswe amazinga okushisa aphezulu we-alloy. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokugunda nokushisa, ezinye izinto ezisanhlamvu zikhula kakhulu noma izinga lokushisa lokuqala eliphakeme liphezulu kakhulu, futhi i-deformation alwanele, okwenza ukuba izinga lokukhubazeka kwendawo yendawo iwele ekuguqukeni okubucayi. Ukungalingani kwalo okusanhlamvu kungaholela kalula ekunciphiseni kokusebenza kokukhathala nokuqina.
7. Ukugoqa iziphambeko
Izici eziyinhloko: ukuhanjiswa kuthambekele kumafolda we-low-magnavision specimen, futhi amafoltela afana ngokubukeka kumifantu. Uma kungukuqhekeka, ama-streamlines azosikwa kabili. Ku-High-Magnification Specimen, ngokungafani nokuqhekeka kokuqhekeka, lezi zinhlangothi zombili zinobuhlakani futhi phansi kwe-fold kungumbala.
Imbangela: Kubangelwa ikakhulukazi okuphakelayo kakhulu, ukuncishiswa okuningi kakhulu noma okuncane kakhulu kwe-anvil fillet ngesikhathi sokudweba kwenqubo yokudweba yendukukwane nokukhokhiswa kwe-crankshaft. Ukugoqa iziphambeko kubangela insimbi engaphezulu ye-oxidized ukuze ihlanganiswe ndawonye ngesikhathi senqubo yokwakha.
8
Izici eziyinhloko: Ukusatshalaliswa kwesiphithiphithi njengokugcina kabusha okubonakalayo kubonakele, i-Eddy yamanje, ukunqanyulwa, kanye ne-convection kwenzeka lapho kubuswa amandla aphansi.
Imbangela: Imbangela engafanele yokufa, ukukhethwa okungafanele kwendlela, ukwakheka okungenangqondo kanye nosayizi we-billet.
9. Isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe
Izici eziyinhloko: Isakhiwo lapho ezinye izinhlaka noma izigaba ze-Ferrite zisatshalaliswa ngamabhande. Ikhona ikakhulukazi e-autenitic-Ferritic Steel engenasici, i-semi-martensitic yensimbi nensimbi ye-eutectoid.
Imbangela: Lokhu kubangelwa ukwakhiwa kwezinguquko lapho amasethi amabili engxenye yezingxenye. Inciphisa inkomba ye-plassity ye-transverse ye-transvelopt yalokho okuqukethwe futhi ithambekele ekuqhekekeni komkhawulo we-Ferrite noma umngcele phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili.