Ⅰ.Umqondo oyisisekelo wokwelashwa kokushisa.
A.Umqondo oyisisekelo wokwelashwa kokushisa.
Izinto eziyisisekelo nemisebenzi yeukwelashwa okushisa:
1.Ukuthuka
Inhloso ukuthola isakhiwo se-autenite nenhle.
2.Kodwa
Umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-workpiece ifudumele ngokuphelele futhi ivikele ukuhumusha kanye ne-oxidation.
3.Cooling
Injongo ukuguqula i-Aupen ibe miscructure ehlukile.
I-MicrosCreeture ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa ngemuva kokushisa nokubamba, i-aucen iguqula ibe yingqayizivele ngokwehlukile ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokupholisa. Amaphutha ahlukahlukene ama-miscreactures akhombisa izakhiwo ezahlukile.
B.Umqondo oyisisekelo wokwelashwa kokushisa.
Ukuhlukaniswa okususelwa ezindleleni zokushisa nokupholisa, kanye ne-microskruction nezakhiwo zensimbi
I-1.Convendal Heat Treatment (ukwelashwa okushisayo okuphelele): ukufuya, ukunxusa, okwejwayelekile, ukuqeda
I-2.Surface Heat Treatment: Ukuqedwa komhlaba, ukufuduka okufudumele komhlaba okususwayo okususiwe komhlaba okususwayo, ukufudumeza kwelangabi okuqediwe komhlaba oshisayo, ukufudumala kukagesi ukufudumeza komhlaba.
I-3.Chical Heat Treatment: Ukukhazimula, iNitriding, Carbonitriding.
Izindlela zokwelapha ezivikelekile: umoya olawulwayo ukwelashwa okushisa, ukwelashwa okushisa okuvuthayo, ukwelashwa kokushisa kokushisa.
C.Crutical lokushisa kwensimbi
Izinga lokushisa elibucayi lensimbi liyisisekelo esibalulekile sokunquma ukufudumeza, ukubamba, kanye nezinqubo zokupholisa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okushisa. Kunqunywa ngumdwebo wesigaba se-Iron-Carbon.
Isiphetho Esibalulekile:Izinga lokushisa elibalulekile lenguquko yensimbi lihlala lihlale ngemuva kwamazinga okushisa aguqukayo abucayi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukugcwala ngokweqile kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokushisa, futhi ukuxhaswa phansi kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokupholisa.
Ⅱ.annannealing and ejwayelekile yensimbi
1. Ukuchazwa kokuduma
I-Anneling ibandakanya ukufudumeza kwensimbi emazingeni okushisa angenhla noma ngaphansi kwephuzu elibucayi elibambe kulolo lokushisa, bese lilipholisa kancane kancane, ukufeza isakhiwo esiseduze nokulingana.
2. Inhloso yokudubula
Ukuqina kobulukhuni bemishini: Ukuthola ubunzima obumanzi kuhlu lwe-HB170 ~ 230.
②releeve Spert Stress: Kuvimbela ukonakala noma ukuqhekeka ngezinqubo ezilandelayo.
Isakhiwo sokusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu: kuthuthukisa i-miscructure.
I-④Preparhation ye-Final Heat Treatment: ithola i-granular (i-spheriodised) pearlite yokucimasha okulandelayo nokufutheka.
3.Khetha ukubekezelela
Ukucaciswa kwenqubo: Ukushisa kokushisa kuseduze ne-AC₁ Point.
Injongo: Ukuguqula i-cambite noma i-carbides ngensimbi, okuholela ku-granular (spheriodised) pearlite.
Ibanga elisebenzayo: Isetshenziselwa ama-Steel nge-Eutectoid kanye ne-hypereutectoid zokwenziwa.
4.DIFFAST SENLE (HOMOGENINISIZING ANVELING)
Ukucaciswa kwenqubo: Ukushisa kokushisa kungaphansi komugqa we-solvus kumdwebo wesigaba.
Injongo: Ukuqeda ukuhlukaniswa.
①for ephansi-insimbi yekhabhoniNgokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kungaphansi kuka-0.25%, ukujwayelekile kukhethwa ngaphezulu kokukhulisa njengokwelashwa kokushisa kokushisa.
②-ke i-medium-carbon yensimbi enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni phakathi kuka-0.25% no-0.50%, kungaba yi-anveling noma okujwayelekile kungasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kokushisa okulungiseleleni.
③Ukumaphakathi kwensimbi ephakathi nendawo kwe-carbon nokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni phakathi kuka-0.50% no-0.75%, kunconywa ukunxusa okugcwele.
④for top-insimbi yekhabhoniNgokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kukhulu kune-0.75%, okujwayelekile kusetshenziselwa okokuqala ukuqeda inethiwekhi ye-Feo₃c, kulandelwe yi-spherhoiling anvelling.
Ⅲ.QuentHing and Off
A.Quant
1. Ukuchazwa kokujuluka: Ukuqothuka kubandakanya ukufudumeza kwensimbi emazingeni okushisa athile ngaphezulu kwe-AC₃ noma i-AC₁ Point, bese uyipholisa ngesilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu kunenani elibucayi lokupholisa ukuze wakhe i-martensite.
2. Inhloso yokucima: Umgomo oyinhloko ukuthola i-Martensite (noma kwesinye isikhathi i-bainite ephansi) ukwandisa ubulukhuni futhi ugqoke ukumelana kwensimbi. Ukuqedile kungenye yezinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi.
3.deteTermining Qeda Izinga lokushisa lezinhlobo ezahlukene zensimbi
I-hypyOeutectoid Steel: AC₃ + 30 ° C kuya ku-50 ° C
I-Evipectoid ne-hypereutectoid yensimbi: ac₁ + 30 ° C kuya ku-50 ° C
I-Alloy Steel: 50 ° C kuya ku-100 ° C ngaphezulu kwezinga lokushisa elibucayi
4.cooling izici ze-medium ehle kakhulu:
Ukupholisa okuhamba kancane ngaphambi kokuthi "ikhala" lokushisa: ukunciphisa ngokwanele ukucindezela okushisayo.
Umthamo wokupholisa ophakeme eduze kwe- "Nose" lokushisa: ukugwema ukwakheka kwezinhlaka ezingezona ezenziwa ngemali.
Ukupholisa kancane eduze kwe-M₅ Point: ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kweMartensitic.
5.Khetha izindlela nezimpawu zabo:
I-①Simple Qunding: Kulula ukusebenza futhi ilungele izindawo zokusebenza ezincane, ezibunjiwe ezilula. Umphumela we-mismructure umfelokazi (m).
I-②Duble Quncing: Kunzima kakhulu futhi kunzima ukulawula, okusetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwensimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni kanye ne-alloy. Umphumela we-mismructure umfelokazi (m).
③Broken Quanch: Inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, esetshenziselwa ama-alloy wensimbi akhiwe kabusha. Umphumela we-mismructure umfelokazi (m).
I-④ISORETRAL REENCHING: Isetshenziselwa ukusebenza kwemisebenzi emincane, eyinkimbinkimbi ngezidingo eziphakeme. Umphumela we-mismscucture umphumela we-bainite ophansi (b).
6.Izinhloso ezithinta ukhuni
Izinga lokuqina lokuqina lincike ekuqineni kwe-aucen ehlolwe ngensimbi. Lapho ukhula ngokuqina kwe-AudenEnEd, okungcono ukuqina, okuphambene nalokho.
Izici ezinethonya ukuqina kwe-AudenEnIte ephakeme:
Isikhundla se-C-Curve: Uma i-C-Curve ihamba ngakwesokunene, izinga lokupholisa elibucayi lokucimasha lincipha, ngcono ukuqina.
Isiphetho Esibalulekile:
Noma yisiphi isici esishukumisela i-C-Curve ngakwesokudla sandisa ukuqina kwensimbi.
Isici esiyinhloko:
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali: ngaphandle kwe-cobalt (co), zonke izinto ezenziwayo ezichithwe e-austonite zikhulisa ukhuni.
Okuqukethwe okusondele kwekhabhoni kungukwakheka kwe-eutectoid ku-carbon yensimbi, okuthe xaxa amashifu we-C-Curve kwesokudla, futhi kukhuphuka ukuqina.
7.Determination kanye ukumelwa kobuqili
①eka ukuhlolwa kwe-reanch ukhuni: ukuqina kulinganiswa kusetshenziswa indlela yokuhlola ye-end
Indlela ye-Quenct Crench yobubanzi: Ububanzi obubucayi obubucayi (D₀) bumele ububanzi obukhulu bensimbi engavulwa kanzima ngokugcwele emhlanganweni oqondile.
B.Tempering
1. Ukuchazwa kokufutheka
I-Fempering iyinqubo yokwelashwa okushisa lapho insimbi ecijile ishiyelwa amazinga okushisa ngaphansi kwephuzu le-A₁, elibanjwe kulolo lokushisa, bese iphonswa ekushiseni kwegumbi.
2. Inhloso yokuguga
Ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda ukucindezela okusele
Yehlisa noma ususe i-Auuten esalayo: uzinza ubukhulu bendawo yokusebenza.
Qeda ubucwebe bensimbi eqediwe: Lungisa i-miscructure kanye nezakhiwo ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zokwenziwa.
QAPHELA EBALULEKILE: Insimbi kufanele ithathwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokucima.
Izinqubo ze-3.Tempering
1.Ukulangazelela
Injongo: Ukunciphisa ukuqeda ukucindezela, ukwenza ngcono ubulukhuni bendawo yokusebenza, futhi kufinyelele ubunzima obuphezulu nokugqoka ukumelana.
Lokushisa: 150 ° C ~ 250 ° C.
Ukusebenza: Ubulukhuni: HRC 58 ~ 64. Ubulukhuni obuphezulu nokugqoka ukumelana.
Izicelo: Amathuluzi, isikhunta, ama-bearings, izingxenye ezibunjiwe, kanye nezinto ezilukhuni.
Ukulangazelela
Injongo: Ukufinyelela ubulukhuni obuphezulu kanye namandla anele nobulukhuni.
Ukushisa: 500 ° C ~ 600 ° C.
Ukusebenza: Hardeness: HRC 25 ~ 35. Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini.
Izicelo: Shake, amagiya, izinduku ezixhumayo, njll.
Ukucwengeka okushisayo
Incazelo: Ukucishwa okulandelwa ngokushisa okushisa okuphezulu kubizwa ngokuthi ukucwiliswa kwe-thermal, noma ukumane ulangaze. Insimbi ephathwe yile nqubo inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu okuphelele futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi.
Ⅳ.Surface Heat Treatment of Steel
A.Surface cwaninga ama-steel
1. Ukuchazwa kokuqina komhlaba
Ukuqina komhlaba kuyinqubo yokwelashwa okushisa yakhelwe ukuqinisa ungqimba olungaphezulu lomsebenzi ngokushisa ngokushesha ukuze uguqule ungqimba olungaphezulu bese ulipholisa ngokushesha. Le nqubo yenziwa ngaphandle kokushintsha ukwakheka kwensimbi noma isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sezinto ezibonakalayo.
2. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuqina komhlaba kanye nesakhiwo sangemva kokuqina
Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuqina komhlaba
Izinto ezijwayelekile: Insimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo ye-carbon yensimbi ephakathi.
Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili: Inqubo ejwayelekile: Ukufutheka. Uma izakhiwo ezibalulekile zingabucayi, ukwengeza zingasetshenziswa esikhundleni salokho.
Isakhiwo se-post-harding
Isakhiwo esingaphezulu
Isakhiwo Esiyisisekelo: Umnyombo wensimbi ngokuvamile ugcina isakhiwo sawo sokuqala, njenge-pearlite noma izwe elinomoya, ngokuya ngenqubo yokuphakelwa kwangaphambi kwempahla kanye nezakhiwo zezinto zesisekelo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umnyombo ugcina ubulukhuni obuhle namandla.
B.Charoctisints of inchection surding
Ukushisa okufudumele nokushisa okusheshayo kokushisa okusheshayo
Isakhiwo sokusanhlamvu esingu-2.Fine Auntenite kungqimba engaphezulu: Ngesikhathi sokushisa okusheshayo nenqubo elandelayo yokuqothula, ungqimba olungaphezulu, ungqimba olungaphezulu lwakha okusanhlamvu okuhle kwe-Autenite. Ngemuva kokucima, ingaphezulu lendawo ephelele liqukethe ama-martensite amahle, ngobulukhuni ngokuvamile 2-3 i-HRC ephakeme kunokuqedwa okuvamile.
Ikhwalithi ye-3.Good Surface: Ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane sokushisa, indawo yokusebenza ye-workpiece ayithambekele kangako ku-oxidation kanye nokukhiqizwa kokuqunjelwa, futhi ukuguquguquka okubandayo kuncishisiwe, kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi enhle ebusweni.
Amandla okukhathala wokukhathala: Ukuguqulwa kwe-Martensitic isigaba engxenyeni engaphezulu kwandisa ukucindezela okucindezelayo, okukhulisa amandla okukhathala we-workpie.
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-5.High: Ukufakwa kwe-Harden Survening kulungele ukukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi, kunikeza ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza okuphezulu.
C.Classification of Termic Heat Treatment
I-Carburshing, i-Carburshing, i-Conburshing, chromizing, ama-sigiconing, ama-siriconing, ama-sibitritting, borocarburing
D.gas carburing
I-Carliburing yinqubo lapho umsebenzi we-arkpiece ubekwa e-carbuling yegesi evaliwe futhi wafuthelana emazingeni okushisa aguqula insimbi ibe yi-aucen. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-ejenti yokuzikhandla idonswa esithandweni somlilo, noma i-carburing atmosphere yethulwe ngokuqondile, ivumela ama-athomu ekhabhoni ukuthi asebenzise ungqimba olungaphezulu lwendawo yokusebenza. Le nqubo inyusa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni (WC%) endaweni yokusebenza.
Ama-Agents e-√Carburing:
• Amagesi wekhabhoni acebile: njengogesi wamalahle, i-liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), njll.
• Ama-Organic Liquid: Njengamaphara, i-methanol, i-benzene, njll.
Chofoza Amapharamitha Enqubo:
• Ukushisa kokushisa: 920 ~ 950 ° C.
• Isikhathi sokuzikhandla
I-E.Heat ukwelashwa ngemuva kokuzijabulisa
Insimbi kumele ihlale ukwelashwa okushisa ngemuva kokuzikhandla.
Inqubo yokwelashwa yokushisa ngemuva kokuzikhandla:
√Use + ukushisa okushisa okuphansi
I-1.Direct iqonde ngemuva kokupholisa kwangaphambili + Ukushisa okushisa okuphansi
I-2.Single icima ngemuva kokupholisa kwangaphambili + okushisa okushisa okuphansi: Ngemuva kokushisa okuphansi, i-workpied ipholiswe kancane kancane ekushiseni kwegumbi, bese kuvuselela ukujula nokushisa okushisa kancane.
I-3.Duble icingeka ngemuva kokupholisa kwangaphambili + Ukushisa okushisa okuphansi
I-ⅴ.Chemical Heat Treatment of Steel
1.Izincazelo zokushisa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali
Ukwelashwa okushisa kwamakhemikhali kuyinqubo yokwelashwa okushisa lapho umsebenzi wensimbi ubekwa khona endaweni ethile esebenzayo, evuthayo, futhi ebanjwe emazingeni okushisa, avumela ama-athomu asebenzayo endaweni ephakathi nendawo. Lokhu kushintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-miscrup
Inqubo ye-2.Basic yokwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali
Ukubola: Ngesikhathi sokushisa, ukuwohloka okuphakathi okusebenzayo, kukhulula ama-athomu asebenzayo.
Ukutholwa: Ama-athomu asebenzayo akwa-adsorbed ebusweni bensimbi bese eqeda isisombululo esiqinile sensimbi.
Ukuphazamiseka: Ama-athomu asebenzayo amunca futhi ancibilike ebusweni be-Migterate Yensimbi engena ngaphakathi.
Izinhlobo zokungeniswa komhlaba okulondoloziwe
I-a.High-imvamisa yokufudumeza
Imvamisa yamanje: 250 ~ 300 kHz.
Ukujula kwesendlalelo okuqinile: 0.5 ~ 2.0 mm.
Izicelo: Amagiya aphakathi nendawo kanye nama-module amancane kanye nemincane emigodini esezingeni eliphakathi.
B.Medium-Freft Ukushisa Ukushisa
Imvamisa yamanje: 2500 ~ 8000 kHz.
Ukujula kwesendlalelo okuqinile: 2 ~ 10 mm.
Izicelo: Shayela amakhulu kanye namagiya amancane aphakathi nendawo.
C.Power-Frequency Ukushisa Ukushisa
Imvamisa yamanje: 50 Hz.
Ukujula kwesendlalelo okuqinile: 10 ~ 15 mm.
Izicelo: Ama-WorkPies adinga ungqimba olujulile olukhuni.
3. Ukungeniswa komhlaba okulondoloziwe
Isisekelo esiyisisekelo sokungeniswa komhlaba okulondoloziwe
Umphumela Wesikhumba:
Lapho kushintshana njengamanje e-Intengeli Coil kukhanyisa okwamanje ebusweni bendawo yokusebenza, iningi lamanje lentengo elibekiwe ligxile eduze kobuso, kanti cishe akukho okudlula kwamanje ngokusebenzisa indawo yangaphakathi. Le nto yaziwa ngokuthi yi-Skin Effect.
Isimiso sokungeniswa komhlaba okulondoloziwe:
Ngokusekelwe emvuzweni wesikhumba, ingaphezulu lesisebenzi se-workpiece lifuthelwa ngokushesha ekushiseni kwe-auntoniting (kukhuphuka ku-800 ~ 1000 ° C ngemizuzwana embalwa), ngenkathi ingaphakathi lesisebenzi se-Workiece lihlala lihlali lihlali. I-WorkiecE yabe isiphonswa ngokufafaza amanzi, ifinyelela ukuqina komhlaba.
I-4.Tempers Brittleness
Ukufiphala kwensimbi ecijile
I-brittleness enonduku isho into lapho ithonya lobuqili lwensimbi ecijile lincipha kakhulu lapho litholwa emazingeni okushisa athile.
Uhlobo lokuqala lokuqhakaza okucasulayo
Ububanzi bokushisa: 250 ° C kuya ku-350 ° C.
Izici: Uma insimbi eqedwe icishiwe isuka ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokushisa, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthuthukisa lolu hlobo lokuqhakaza okucasulayo, okungenakuqedwa.
Isixazululo: Gwema insimbi ecijile yensimbi ngaphakathi kwaleli banga lokushisa.
Uhlobo lokuqala lobucwebe obulangalelayo lwaziwa nangokuthi izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokushisa noma ukufiphala okuvuthayo.
Ⅵ.Tempering
I-1.Tempering iyinqubo yokugcina yokwelashwa okulandelayo okulandelayo ukucima.
Kungani ama-Steel aqeshwa adinga ukufutheka?
I-MicroSCreature ngemuva kokucimasha: Ngemuva kokucima, i-miscistrure of Steel ngokuvamile iqukethe i-Auten yeMferemu nensalela. Zombili ziyizigaba ezimangable futhi zizoguqula ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Izakhiwo zeMartensite: I-Martensite ibonakala ngobulukhuni obuphezulu kepha nobunzima obukhulu (ikakhulukazi enanini lenaliti ephezulu), elingahlangabezani nezidingo zokusebenza kwezicelo eziningi.
Izici zokuguqulwa kweMartensitic: Ushintsho ku-Martensite kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngemuva kokucima, umsebenzi wokwenza umsebenzi ube nezinkinga zangaphakathi ezisele ezingaholela ekuguqukeni noma ekuqhekekeni.
Isiphetho: Isikhungo sokusebenza asikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngqo ngemuva kokucima! Kudingeka ukufutheka kudingekile ukunciphisa izingcindezi zangaphakathi futhi kuthuthukise ubulukhuni be-workpiepe, okwenza lufanele ukusetshenziswa.
I-2.Isizo phakathi kobudlova kanye namandla okuqina:
I-Harterability:
Ubuqili bubhekisele emandleni ensimbi ukufezekisa ukujula okuthile (ukujula kwesendlalelo oluqinile) ngemuva kokucima. Kuya ngokwakheka kwensimbi kanye nesakhiwo, ikakhulukazi izinto zayo ezihlanganayo kanye nohlobo lwensimbi. Ubuqili buyisilinganiso sokuthi insimbi ingasebenza kahle kanjani kulobukhulu bayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokugunda.
Ubulukhuni (umthamo wokuqina):
Ubulukhuni, noma umthamo onzima, ubhekisa kubulukhuni obuphezulu obungatholwa ngensimbi ngemuva kokucima. Kuthonywa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yensimbi. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-carbon ngokuvamile kuholela ekubuseni okuphezulu okuphezulu, kepha lokhu kungakhawulelwa yizinto zensimbi ezenziwayo kanye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwenqubo eqhubekayo.
3.Hartability yensimbi
▶ ukuzenza lukhuni lukhuni
Ubuqili bubhekisele emandleni ensimbi ukufezekisa ukujula okuthile kwe-martitic hearniting ngemuva kokucima ekushiseni kwe-aupulatiting. Ngamagama alula, amandla wensimbi ukwakha iMartensite ngesikhathi sokucima.
Ukukalwa kobuqili
Ubukhulu bokuqina bukaHarditability bukhonjiswa ngokujula kwesendlalelo oluqinile okutholwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezibekiwe ngemuva kokucima.
Ukujula kwesendlalelo okulukhuni: Lokhu kungukujula okuvela ebusweni bendawo yokusebenza esifundeni lapho ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kungubo oluseduze.
Imidiya evamile eqeda:
• Amanzi
Izici: Ezomnotho ngekhono elinamandla lokupholisa, kepha linamanani aphezulu okupholisa eduze kwephuzu elibilayo, elingaholela ekupholiseni ngokweqile.
Isicelo: Ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ama-carbon sten.
Amanzi kasawoti: isixazululo sikasawoti noma i-alkali emanzini, esinamandla amakhulu okupholisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu aqhathaniswa namanzi, okwenza kufanelekile ama-carbon sten.
Amafutha
Izici: Inikeza isilinganiso sokupholisa esikahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi (eduze nephuzu elibilayo), elinciphisa ngempumelelo ukuthambekela kokushintshana nokuqhekeka, kepha linamandla aphansi okupholisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Isicelo: Ilungele ama-alloy steel.
Izinhlobo: Kufaka phakathi ukuqeda uwoyela, oyela umshini, kanye nophethiloli kadizili.
Isikhathi sokushisa
Isikhathi sokushisa siqukethe zombili izilinganiso zokushisa (isikhathi esithathiwe ukufinyelela kuzinga lokushisa olifunayo) nesikhathi sokubamba (isikhathi esigcinwe ekushiseni okuqondiwe).
Izimiso zokuthola isikhathi sokushisa: Qinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa okufanayo kulo lonke umsebenzi wokusebenza, ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
Qinisekisa ukuthi i-auntunqutization ephelele nokuthi i-aucenite eyakheka iyafana futhi ilungile.
Isisekelo sokunquma isikhathi sokufudumeza: Imvamisa kulinganiselwa kusetshenziswa amafomula empirical noma anqunywe ngokuhlola.
Qeda abezindaba
Izici ezimbili ezibalulekile:
I-A.Cooling Rate: isilinganiso esiphakeme sokupholisa sikhuthaza ukwakheka kweMartensite.
I-B.residal Stress: Isilinganiso esiphakeme sokupholisa sandisa ukucindezelwa okusele, okungaholela ekuthambekeni okukhulu kokuguquguquka nokuqhekeka endaweni yokusebenza.
Ⅶ.norming
1. Ukuchazwa kokujwayelekile
I-Ejwayelekile iyinqubo yokwelashwa okushisa lapho insimbi ifudunyezwa emazingeni okushisa angama-30 ° C kuye ku-50 ° C ngaphezulu kwamazinga okushisa e-AC3, bese kuthi umoya opholile ukuthola isimo se-Mistrolibrium. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokwazisa okukhohlisayo, okujwayelekile kunenani lokupholisa elisheshayo, okuholela esakhiweni se-pearlite esibuhlungu (p) namandla aphezulu nobulukhuni.
2. Inhloso yokujwayelekile
Inhloso yokusebenzisa okujwayelekile kuyafana nalokho okukhohlisayo.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kokujwayelekile
• Susa amakhambi we-Networted Secondary Secondary.
• Khonza njengokwelashwa kokugcina kokushisa kwezingxenye ezinezidingo eziphansi.
• Yenza njengokulungiselela ukushisa kokushisa kwensimbi ephansi yekhabhoni ephansi nephakathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe imishini.
Ama-4 4types anveling
Uhlobo lokuqala lokungenisa:
Inhloso kanye nomsebenzi: Inhloso akukhona ukunxenxa ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kepha ukuguqula insimbi kusuka esimweni esilinganiselwe kuya esimweni esilinganiselwe.
Izinhlobo:
• Ukwehla kwe-Anvelion: Kuhlose ukubekezelela ukwakheka ngokuqeda ukwahlukaniswa.
• Ukuphindaphindeka kabusha kwe-Annelling: Kubuyisela i-Cucticity ngokususa imiphumela yokuqina komzimba.
• Ukukhishwa kwengcindezelo kwengcindezelo: kunciphisa izingcindezi zangaphakathi ngaphandle kokushintsha i-miscructure.
Uhlobo lwesibili lokungenisa:
Inhloso kanye nomsebenzi: Ihlose ukuguqula i-miscructure kanye nezakhiwo, ukufezekisa i-cesslite ebuswa yi-misciestruction. Lolu hlobo luqinisekisa ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kanye ne-morphology ye-pearlite, Ferrite, kanye ne-carbides kuhlangana nezidingo ezithile.
Izinhlobo:
• Ukuncishiswa okugcwele: Ukushisa insimbi ngenhla kwe-AC3 lokushisa bese kulipholisa kancane ukukhiqiza isakhiwo se-pearlite esifanayo.
• Ukungaphelele kwe-Annealing: Kushisa insimbi phakathi kwamazinga okushisa a-AC1 nama-AC3 ukuguqula ngokwengxenye isakhiwo.
• I-Isteelmal Annealing: Ishisa insimbi ibe ngaphezulu kwe-AC3, ilandelwe ukupholisa okusheshayo kumazinga okushisa assothermal nokubambelela ukufeza isakhiwo esifunekayo.
• I-SPEHINOLISIZING ANDREALING: Khiqiza isakhiwo se-carbide spheroidal, ukwenza ngcono imishini nokuqina.
Ⅷ.1.donition of teat ukwelashwa okushisa
Ukwelashwa okushisa kubhekisele kwinqubo lapho insimbi ifudunyezwa khona, ibanjelwe emazingeni okushisa athile, bese ipholile ngenkathi isesimweni esiqinile sokushintsha izakhiwo zayo zangaphakathi kanye ne-microskructure, ngaleyo ndlela zifinyelele izakhiwo ezifiselekayo.
Ama-2.Charoctiontrints of Heat Treatment
Ukwelashwa kokushisa akushintshi ukwakheka kwendawo yokusebenza; Esikhundleni salokho, iguqula ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kanye ne-miscrumple yensimbi, yona ishintsha izakhiwo zensimbi.
3.Purse yokwelashwa okushisa
Inhloso yokwelashwa okushisa ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini noma zokucubungula kwensimbi (noma yokusebenza), sebenzisa ngokugcwele amandla wensimbi, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-workpie, futhi yandise impilo yayo yenkonzo.
Isiphetho se-4Key
Ukuthi impahla yokwenziwa yini ingathuthukiswa ngokushisa ukwelashwa kuncike kakhulu ekutheni kukhona izinguquko ekuhlelekeni kwayo kanye nesakhiwo ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisa nokupholisa.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Aug-19-2024