Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili kunye nezizathu zeziphene eziqhelekileyo kwi-forgings?

1. Iimpawu zesikali somphezulu
Iimpawu eziphambili: Ukulungiswa okungafanelekanga kokufaforgingsiya kubangela imiphezulu erhabaxa kunye neempawu zesikali seentlanzi. Ezo mpawu zesikali zeentlanzi ziveliswa lula xa kusenziwa i-austenitic kunye ne-martensitic stainless steel.
Isizathu: I-membrane ye-mucous yendawo ebangelwa ukuthambisa okungalinganiyo okanye ukhetho olungafanelekanga lokuthambisa kunye nomgangatho ophantsi we-oyile yokuthambisa.
2. Iziphene zeempazamo
Iimpawu eziphambili: Inxalenye engaphezulu ye-die forging ayilungelelaniswanga ngokuhambelana nendawo engezantsi ecaleni kwendawo yokwahlukana.
Isizathu: Akukho ukulungelelaniswa kokutshixa kwi-forging die, okanye i-die forging ayifakwanga ngokuchanekileyo, okanye umsantsa phakathi kwentloko yehamile kunye nomzila wesikhokelo mkhulu kakhulu.
3. Ukungonelanga kufa iziphene
Iimpawu eziphambili: Ubungakanani bokwenza i-die forging buyanda kwicala le-perpendicular kumphezulu wokwahlukana. Xa ubungakanani budlula ubungakanani obuchaziweyo kumzobo, ukungonelanga ukufa kuya kwenzeka.
Isizathu: Ubungakanani obukhulu, ubushushu obuphantsi bokubumba, ukugqithisa okugqithisileyo kwe-cavity yokufa, njl njl kuya kukhokelela kuxinzelelo olungonelanga okanye ukuchasana okugqithisileyo kwebhuloho ye-flash, ukungonelanga kwetoni yezixhobo, kunye nomthamo we-billet.
4. Ukugcwaliswa kwengingqi okungonelanga
Iimpawu eziphambili: Iyenzeka kakhulu kwiimbambo, iikona ezifileyo ezikwi-convex, njl.
Isizathu: Uyilo lomngxunya wokufa kwangaphambili kunye nomgodi wokufa ongenanto awunangqiqo, i-tonnage yesixhobo incinci, i-blank ayishushu ngokwaneleyo, kwaye i-metal fluidity ayilunganga, enokubangela esi siphene.
5. Intsalela yesakhiwo sokuphosa
Iimpawu eziphambili: Ukuba kukho isakhiwo sokuphosa esishiyekileyo, ukunyusa kunye namandla okudinwa kwe-forgings ahlala engafanelekanga. Ngenxa yokuba kwisiqwenga sovavanyo esisezantsi, i-streamlines yecandelo elivaliweyo le-residual casting ayibonakali, kwaye kunye neemveliso ze-dendritic zingabonwa, ezibonakala ngokubonakalayo kwi-forgings usebenzisa i-ingots zensimbi njengezinto ezingenanto.
Isizathu: Ngenxa yokungonelanga komlinganiselo wokubumba okanye indlela engafanelekanga yokubumba. Esi siphene sinciphisa ukusebenza kwe-forgings, ngokukodwa ukuqina kwempembelelo kunye neempawu zokudinwa.
6. Inkozo inhomogeneity
Iimpawu eziphambili: Iinkozo kwezinye iindawo zeforgingszirhabaxa ngakumbi, ngelixa iinkozo kwezinye iindawo zincinci, zenza iinkozo ezingalinganiyo. I-alloys yobushushu obuphezulu kunye neentsimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nobushushu zinovelwano ngakumbi kwi-inhomogeneity yeenkozo.
Unobangela: Ubushushu bokugqibela obuphantsi bokubumba bubangela ukuqina komsebenzi wasekhaya kwibillet yealloy yobushushu obuphezulu. Ngexesha lokucima kunye nenkqubo yokufudumeza, ezinye iinkozo zikhula kakhulu okanye ubushushu bokuqala bokubumba buphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ukuguqulwa akwanelanga, okubangela ukuba i-deformation degree yendawo yendawo iwele kwi-deformation ebalulekileyo. Ukungalingani kweenkozo kunokukhokelela ngokulula ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kokukhathala kunye nokuqina.
7. Iziphene zokusonga
Iimpawu eziphambili: I-streamlines igobile kwii-folds ze-low-magnification specimen, kwaye iifolthi zifana nembonakalo yokuqhekeka. Ukuba i-crack, i-streamlines iya kunqunyulwa kabini. Kwi-specimen yokuphakama okuphezulu, ngokungafaniyo nomzantsi wokuqhekeka, amacala amabini ane-oxidized enzima kwaye i-fold bottom i-fold blunt.
Unobangela: Ubukhulu becala kubangelwa kukutya okuncinci kakhulu, ukuncitshiswa kakhulu okanye iradiyasi yefillet encinci yeanvil ngexesha lomzobo wokwenziwa kweentonga kunye ne-crankshaft forgings. Iziphene ezisongayo zibangela ukuba intsimbi engaphezulu ene-oxidized idibane ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba.
8. Ukusasazwa okungahambi kakuhle kokubunjwa
Iimpawu eziphambili: Ukulungelelanisa i-turbulence efana ne-streamline reflux, i-eddy current, i-disconnection, kunye ne-convection yenzeke xa i-forging inamandla aphantsi.
Isizathu: Uyilo lokufa olungafanelekanga, ukhetho olungafanelekanga lwendlela yokubumba, imilo engafanelekanga kunye nobukhulu be-billet.
9. Isakhiwo esinebhanti
Iimpawu eziphambili: Isakhiwo apho ezinye izakhiwo okanye izigaba ze-ferrite kwi-forgings zihanjiswa kwiibhendi. Ifumaneka ikakhulu kwi-austenitic-ferritic steel stainless, semi-martensitic steel kunye nentsimbi ye-eutectoid.
Unobangela: Oku kubangelwa kukwenza i-deformation xa iiseti ezimbini zamalungu zihlalisana. Iyanciphisa isalathiso seplastiki esinqamlezileyo sezinto eziphathekayo kwaye ijwayele ukuqhekeka kunye nommandla we-ferrite okanye umda phakathi kwezigaba ezimbini.