Iindidi ezine zeNtsimbi eNgatyiwayo kunye nendima ye-Alloying Elements:
Insimbi engenasici ingahlelwa kwiindidi ezine eziphambili: i-austenitic, i-martensitic, i-ferritic, kunye ne-duplex yensimbi engenasici (Itheyibhile 1). Olu lwahlulo lusekelwe kwi-microstructure yensimbi engenasici kwiqondo lokushisa. Xa intsimbi ephantsi kwekhabhoni ifudumala ukuya kwi-1550 ° C, i-microstructure yayo iyatshintsha ukusuka kwi-ferrite yobushushu begumbi ukuya kwi-austenite. Ekupholiseni, i-microstructure ibuyela kwi-ferrite. I-Austenite, ekhoyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ayiyo-magnetic kwaye inamandla asezantsi kodwa i-ductility engcono xa ithelekiswa ne-ferrite yobushushu begumbi.
Xa umxholo we-chromium (Cr) kwintsimbi udlula i-16%, i-microstructure yobushushu begumbi iba yisigxina kwisigaba se-ferrite, igcina i-ferrite kuwo onke amaqondo obushushu. Olu hlobo lubizwa ngokuba yi-ferritic stainless steel. Xa zombini umxholo we-chromium (Cr) ungaphezulu kwe-17% kunye nomxholo we-nickel (Ni) ungaphezulu kwe-7%, isigaba se-austenite sihlala sizinzile, sigcina i-austenite ukusuka kumaqondo aphantsi ukuya kwindawo yokunyibilika.
I-Austenitic stainless steel ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Cr-N" uhlobo, ngelixa i-martensitic kunye ne-ferritic stainless steels zibizwa ngokuthe ngqo "Cr" uhlobo. Izinto zetsimbi ezingenasici kunye nezinyithi zokuzalisa zingahlulwa zibe yi-austenite-forming elements kunye ne-ferrite-forming elements. Iimpawu eziphambili ze-austenite-forming ziquka i-Ni, i-C, i-Mn, kunye ne-N, ngelixa i-primary ferrite-forming elements ibandakanya i-Cr, i-Si, i-Mo, kunye ne-Nb. Ukulungelelanisa umxholo wale miba kunokulawula umlinganiselo we-ferrite kwi-weld joint.
I-Austenitic steel stainless, ngakumbi xa iqulethe ngaphantsi kwe-5% ye-nitrogen (N), kulula ukuyidibanisa kwaye inika umgangatho ongcono we-welding xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi ezingenasici kunye nomxholo ophantsi we-N. I-Austenitic stainless steel weld joints ibonisa ukomelela okulungileyo kunye ne-ductility, ehlala isusa imfuno yonyango lwangaphambili lwe-welding kunye ne-post-welding. Kwintsimi ye-welding steel stainless, i-austenitic stainless steel i-akhawunti ye-80% yazo zonke ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici, okwenza kube yingqwalasela ephambili yeli nqaku.
Indlela yokukhetha echanekileyowelding steel stainlessizinto ezisetyenziswayo, iingcingo kunye nee-electrode?
Ukuba umbandela womzali uyafana, umgaqo wokuqala “kukungqamanisa umbandela womzali.” Ngokomzekelo, ukuba amalahle axhunyiwe kwi-310 okanye i-316 yensimbi engenasici, khetha izinto ezihambelanayo zamalahle. Xa udibanisa izinto ezingafaniyo, landela isikhokelo sokukhetha izinto ezisisiseko ezihambelana nomxholo ophezulu we-alloying element. Ngokomzekelo, xa u-welding 304 kunye ne-316 yensimbi engenasici, khetha i-316 uhlobo lwe-welding consumables. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko ezininzi ezikhethekileyo apho umgaqo "wokufanisa isiseko sesinyithi" awulandelwa. Kule meko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba "ubhekisele kwitshathi yokukhetha enokutyiwa." Ngokomzekelo, uhlobo lwe-304 yensimbi engenasici iyona nto isisiseko sezinto eziqhelekileyo, kodwa akukho nto ye-304 ye-welding.
Ukuba i-welding material idinga ukuhambelana nesiseko sesinyithi, indlela yokukhetha i-welding material ukuba idibanise i-304 ye-stainless steel wire kunye ne-electrode?
Xa udibanisa i-304 yensimbi engenasici, sebenzisa uhlobo lwe-308 ye-welding consumables kuba izinto ezongezelelweyo kwi-308 insimbi engenasici inokuzinzisa ngcono indawo ye-weld. I-308L nayo iyinto eyamkelekileyo. I-L ibonisa umxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi, i-3XXL insimbi engenasici ibonisa umxholo wekhabhoni we-0.03%, ngelixa i-standard 3XX insimbi engenasici ingaba ne-0.08% ye-carbon content. Ekubeni i-L-uhlobo lwe-welding consumables yohlobo olufanayo lokwahlula njenge-non-uhlobo lwe-welding consumables, abavelisi kufuneka baqwalasele ukusebenzisa i-L-type welding consumables ngokwahlukileyo kuba umxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi unokunciphisa ukutyekela kwe-intergranular corrosion. Enyanisweni, umbhali ukholelwa ukuba ukuba abavelisi bafuna ukuphucula iimveliso zabo, izinto ezityheli ezenziwe nge-L ziya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Abavelisi abasebenzisa iindlela ze-welding ze-GMAW baqwalasela ukusebenzisa i-3XXSi uhlobo lwensimbi engenasici kuba i-SI inokuphucula ukumanzisa kunye nokuvuza iindawo. Kwimeko apho iqhekeza lamalahle linencopho ephezulu okanye udibaniso lwe-welding pool luhlwempuzekileyo kwi-weld toe ye-engile ecothayo okanye i-lap weld, ukusetyenziswa kocingo lwe-welding olukhuselekileyo lwegesi oluqulathe i-S lunokunyakamisa umthungo wamalahle kwaye luphucule izinga lokubeka. .
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-26-2023