Ndeapi maitiro makuru uye zvikonzero zvekukanganisika kwakajairwa mukugadzira?

1. Surface scale marks
Hunhu hunokosha: Kusagadziriswa kwekufaforgingszvinokonzeresa nzvimbo dzakakasharara uye nemakiro ehove. Mavara ehove dzakakasharara kudaro anogadzirwa zviri nyore kana achigadzira austenitic uye martensitic simbi isina tsvina.
Chikonzero: Local mucous membrane inokonzerwa nekuzora kusina kuenzana kana kusarudzwa kwakashata kwekuzora uye kushata kwemafuta ekuzora.
2. Kukanganisa kukanganisa
Mamiriro makuru: Chikamu chepamusoro chefa forging chakakanganiswa hukama nechikamu chezasi pamwe nenzvimbo yekuparadzanisa.
Chikonzero: Iko hakuna kuvharika kwakaringana kukiya pafivha yefogi, kana kufa kwekufa hakuna kuisirwa nemazvo, kana mukaha pakati pemusoro wesando uye njanji yakakurisa.
3. Kusakwana die forging defects
Hukuru maficha: Saizi yefa yekugadzira inowedzera mune yakananga perpendicular kune yekuparadzanisa nzvimbo. Kana saizi yakapfuura saizi yakatsanangurwa mudhirowa, kusakwana kufa kwekugadzira kuchaitika.
Chikonzero: Saizi yakakura, yakaderera tembiricha yekubikira, kupfeka kwakanyanya kweiyo mhango yekufa, nezvimwe zvinotungamira mukusakwana kudzvanywa kana kupikisa kwakanyanya kwebhiriji bhiriji, kusakwana kwemidziyo tonnage, uye yakawandisa billet vhoriyamu.
4. Kuzadza kwenzvimbo kusina kukwana
Mamiriro makuru: Inonyanya kuitika mumbabvu, makona akafa, nezvimwewo, uye pamusoro pechikamu chekuzadza kana makona emafogi haana kuzadzwa zvakakwana, zvichiita kuti rondedzero yefogi isanyatsojeka.
Chikonzero: Dhizaini yefa preforming mhango uye blanking mhango yekufa haina musoro, iyo tonnage yemidziyo idiki, iyo isina kuvharwa haina kupisa zvakakwana, uye simbi fluidity haina kunaka, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa uku.
5. Kukandira chimiro chakasara
Hunhu hunokosha: Kana paine yakasara yekukanda chimiro, kurebesa uye kuneta kusimba kwemafogi kazhinji haakodzeri. Nekuti pane yakaderera-magnification bvunzo chidimbu, kuyerera kwechikamu chakavharwa chekukandira kwakasara hakusi pachena, uye kunyangwe zvigadzirwa zve dendritic zvinogona kuoneka, izvo zvinonyanya kuoneka mukugadzira uchishandisa simbi ingots sezvisina.
Chikonzero: Nekuda kwekusakwana kwereshiyo yekufogisa kana nzira yekufovha isina kunaka. Ichi chikanganiso chinodzikisira kuita kwemafogi, kunyanya kukanganisa kuoma uye kuneta zvivakwa.
6. Grain inhomogeneity
Main features: The zviyo mune dzimwe nzvimboforgingszvakanyanya kukora, nepo zviyo mune zvimwe zvikamu zvidiki, zvichigadzira tsanga dzisina kuenzana. High-temperature alloys uye masimbi asingadziviriri anonyanya kufunga nezvezviyo inhomogeneity.
Chikonzero: Iyo yakaderera yekupedzisira tembiricha yekubikira inokonzeresa kuomarara kwebasa remunharaunda yeyakakwira-tembiricha alloy billet. Munguva yekudzima nekudziya, dzimwe tsanga dzinokura zvakanyanya kana tembiricha yekubikira yakakwira zvakanyanya, uye deformation haina kukwana, zvichiita kuti deformation yenzvimbo yenzvimbo iwire mukukanganisa kwakakomba. Kusaenzana kwezviyo kunogona kutungamirira nyore nyore kuderera kwekuita kuneta uye kusimba.
7. Kupeta kuremara
Mamiriro makuru: Mitsetse yakakotama pamikombero yemuenzaniso wepasi-magnification, uye mapeta akafanana nechitarisiko kune makatsemuka. Kana iri mutswe, mitsetse inochekwa kaviri. Pamusoro pemuenzaniso wepamusoro-soro, kusiyana nechepasi pekuputika, mativi maviri acho ane oxidized zvakanyanya uye pasi pepeta haina kujeka.
Chikonzero: Inonyanya kukonzerwa nekudya kushoma, kudzikisira zvakanyanya kana kudiki kweanvil fillet radius panguva yekudhirowa kwetsvimbo forgings uye crankshaft forgings. Kupeta kukanganisa kunoita kuti iyo oxidized pamusoro simbi isanganise pamwe chete panguva yekugadzira.
8. Zvisizvo zvekugadzira streamline kugovera
Zvinhu zvikuru: Kurerutsa mhirizhonga senge streamline reflux, eddy current, disconnection, uye convection inoitika kana forging iine simba rakaderera.
Chikonzero: Dhizaini isina kunaka yekufa, kusarudzwa kwakashata kwenzira yekugadzira, chimiro chisina musoro uye saizi yebillet.
9. Banded chimiro
Mamiriro makuru: Chimiro umo zvimwe zvimiro kana ferrite nhanho mune forgings inogoverwa mumabhendi. Iyo inonyanya kuwanikwa mu austenitic-ferritic simbi isina tsvina, semi-martensitic simbi uye eutectoid simbi.
Chikonzero: Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekugadzira deformation kana zvikamu zviviri zvezvikamu zvakagara. Iyo inoderedza iyo inochinjika yepurasitiki indekisi yezvinyorwa uye inogara ichitsemuka pamwe neiyo ferrite zone kana muganho pakati pezvikamu zviviri izvi.