Ubwoko bune bwibyuma bitagira umwanda nuruhare rwibintu bivanga:
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda birashobora gushyirwa mubwoko bune bwingenzi: austenitis, martensitike, ferritic, na duplex ibyuma bitagira umwanda (Imbonerahamwe 1).Iri tondekanya rishingiye kuri microstructure yicyuma kitagira umwanda mubushyuhe bwicyumba.Iyo ibyuma bya karuboni nkeya bishyushye kugeza kuri 1550 ° C, microstructure yayo ihinduka kuva mubyumba-ubushyuhe ferrite ikagera kuri austenite.Iyo ukonje, microstructure isubira kuri ferrite.Austenite, ibaho ku bushyuhe bwinshi, ntabwo ari magnetique kandi muri rusange ifite imbaraga nkeya ariko ihindagurika neza ugereranije na ferrite yubushyuhe.
Iyo chromium (Cr) ibirimo ibyuma irenze 16%, microstructure yicyumba-ubushyuhe iba ikosowe mugice cya ferrite, ikomeza ferrite mubushyuhe bwose.Ubu bwoko bwitwa ferritic stainless ibyuma.Iyo ibirimo chromium (Cr) byombi biri hejuru ya 17% naho nikel (Ni) iri hejuru ya 7%, icyiciro cya austenite gihinduka gihamye, kigakomeza austenite kuva mubushyuhe buke kugeza aho gushonga.
Ibyuma bya Austenitike bitagira ibyuma byitwa "Cr-N", mugihe ibyuma bya martensitike na ferritic bitagira ibyuma byitwa "Cr".Ibintu mubyuma bidafite umwanda hamwe nibyuma byuzuza birashobora gushyirwa mubice bigize austenite ikora nibintu bya ferrite.Ibintu byibanze bigize austenite birimo Ni, C, Mn, na N, mugihe ibice byambere bigize ferrite birimo Cr, Si, Mo, na Nb.Guhindura ibikubiye muri ibi bintu birashobora kugenzura igipimo cya ferrite mugace kamwe.
Icyuma cya Austenitike kitagira umuyonga, cyane cyane iyo kirimo azote iri munsi ya 5% (N), biroroshye gusudira kandi bitanga ubuziranenge bwo gusudira ugereranije nicyuma kitagira umwanda kirimo N.Icyuma cya Austenitike kitagira ibyuma cyerekana imbaraga nimbaraga zihindagurika, akenshi bikuraho ibikenerwa mbere yo gusudira na nyuma yo gusudira.Mu rwego rwo gusudira ibyuma bidafite ingese, ibyuma bya austenitike bitagira ibyuma bingana na 80% byibyuma byose bikoreshwa, bityo bikaba intego yibanze yiyi ngingo.
Nigute wahitamo igikwiyegusudira ibyumaibikoreshwa, insinga na electrode?
Niba ibikoresho byababyeyi ari bimwe, itegeko rya mbere ni "guhuza ibikoresho byababyeyi."Kurugero, niba amakara ahujwe nicyuma 310 cyangwa 316, hitamo ibikoresho byamakara.Mugihe cyo gusudira ibikoresho bidasa, kurikiza umurongo ngenderwaho wo guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo bihuye nibintu byinshi bivangavanze.Kurugero, mugihe cyo gusudira 304 na 316 ibyuma bidafite ingese, hitamo ubwoko 316 bwo gusudira.Ariko, hariho kandi ibihe byinshi bidasanzwe aho ihame ryo "guhuza icyuma fatizo" ridakurikijwe.Muri iki gihe, ni byiza "kwerekeza ku mbonerahamwe yo gutoranya ikoreshwa."Kurugero, andika 304 ibyuma bidafite ingese nibikoresho bisanzwe, ariko nta bwoko bwa 304 bwo gusudira.
Niba ibikoresho byo gusudira bikeneye guhuza ibyuma shingiro, nigute ushobora guhitamo ibikoresho byo gusudira kugirango usudire insinga 304 zidafite ibyuma na electrode?
Mugihe cyo gusudira ibyuma 304 bidafite ingese, koresha ubwoko bwa 308 bwo gusudira ibintu kuko ibintu byongewe muri 308 ibyuma bidafite ingese birashobora gutezimbere neza aho gusudira.308L nayo ni amahitamo yemewe.L.Kubera ko ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa L byo gusudira biri mu bwoko bumwe bwo gutondekanya ibintu bitari L-byo gusudira, ababikora bagomba gutekereza gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa L byo gusudira bitandukanye kubera ko ibirimo karuboni nkeya bishobora kugabanya imyumvire yo kwangirika hagati y’imiterere.Mubyukuri, umwanditsi yizera ko niba ababikora bashaka kuzamura ibicuruzwa byabo, ibikoresho byumuhondo L bizakoreshwa cyane.Ababikora bakoresha uburyo bwo gusudira GMAW nabo batekereza gukoresha ubwoko bwa 3XXSi ibyuma bitagira umwanda kuko SI ishobora kunoza ibice bitose.Mugihe mugihe igice cyamakara gifite impinga ndende cyangwa guhuza pisine yo gusudira bikennye kurutoki rwo gusudira rwinguni ya buhoro buhoro cyangwa gusudira lap, gukoresha insinga yo gusudira ya gaz ikingiwe na S irashobora kuvanga amakara kandi bikazamura igipimo cyayo. .
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-26-2023