Momwe mungasankhire zida zowotcherera za waya wowotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi ma elekitirodi?

Mitundu Inayi ya Zitsulo Zosapanga dzimbiri ndi Udindo wa Alloying Elements:

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu anayi: austenitic, martensitic, ferritic, ndi duplex zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri (Table 1). Gulu ili limachokera ku microstructure ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kutentha kwa firiji. Chitsulo cha carbon chochepa chikatenthedwa kufika 1550 ° C, microstructure yake imasintha kuchoka ku ferrite ya chipinda kupita ku austenite. Pakuzizira, microstructure imabwerera ku ferrite. Austenite, yomwe imapezeka pa kutentha kwambiri, simaginito ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa koma imakhala yabwinoko poyerekeza ndi ferrite ya kutentha kwa chipinda.

Chitsulo cha chromium (Cr) chikaposa 16%, kutentha kwa chipinda kumakhala kokhazikika mu gawo la ferrite, kusunga ferrite pazigawo zonse za kutentha. Mtundu uwu umatchedwa ferritic zosapanga dzimbiri. Pamene zonse za chromium (Cr) zili pamwamba pa 17% ndi nickel (Ni) zili pamwamba pa 7%, gawo la austenite limakhala lokhazikika, kusunga austenite kuchokera ku kutentha kochepa mpaka kusungunuka.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa mtundu wa "Cr-N", pomwe zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za martensitic ndi ferritic zimatchedwa "Cr" mtundu. Zinthu muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo zodzaza zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu opangira austenite ndi zinthu zopanga ferrite. Zinthu zoyambira kupanga austenite zikuphatikiza Ni, C, Mn, ndi N, pomwe zinthu zoyambira kupanga ferrite zikuphatikiza Cr, Si, Mo, ndi Nb. Kusintha zomwe zili muzinthuzi zimatha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ferrite mu cholumikizira chowotcherera.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic, makamaka chikakhala ndi nayitrogeni wochepera 5% (N), ndichosavuta kuwotcherera ndipo chimakhala chowotcherera bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zili ndi N wocheperako. Kuwotcherera kwachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic kumawonetsa mphamvu zabwino komanso ductility, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachotsa kufunikira kwa chithandizo cha kutentha chisanadze ndi kuwotcherera. Pankhani yowotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic zimagwiritsa ntchito 80% yazogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri m'nkhaniyi.

Momwe mungasankhire zolondolakuwotcherera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiriconsumables, mawaya ndi maelekitirodi?

Ngati zinthu za makolo zili zofanana, lamulo loyamba ndilo “kugwirizanitsa zinthu za makolo.” Mwachitsanzo, ngati malasha alumikizidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 310 kapena 316, sankhani zinthu za malasha zomwe zikugwirizana nazo. Mukawotchera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, tsatirani malangizo oti musankhe zinthu zoyambira zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zinthu zambiri za alloying. Mwachitsanzo, powotcherera 304 ndi 316 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, sankhani 316 mtundu wa kuwotcherera consumables. Komabe, palinso zochitika zambiri zapadera zomwe mfundo ya "kufanana ndi chitsulo choyambira" sichitsatiridwa. Munthawi iyi, ndikofunikira "kunena za tchati chosankha chowotcherera". Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa 304 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma palibe ndodo yowotcherera yamtundu wa 304.

Ngati zinthu zowotcherera zikuyenera kufanana ndi chitsulo choyambira, mungasankhe bwanji zinthu zowotcherera kuti muwotcherera waya wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304 ndi elekitirodi?

Mukawotchera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304, gwiritsani ntchito zowotcherera zamtundu wa 308 chifukwa zowonjezera mu 308 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimatha kukhazikika bwino malo owotcherera. The 308L ndi chisankho chovomerezeka. L imasonyeza kutsika kwa carbon, 3XXL zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimasonyeza mpweya wa 0.03%, pamene zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 3XX zimatha kukhala ndi mpweya wa 0.08%. Popeza zinthu zowotcherera zamtundu wa L zili m'gulu lomwelo monga zowotcherera zomwe sizili zamtundu wa L, opanga aganizire kugwiritsa ntchito zowotcherera zamtundu wa L padera chifukwa zomwe zili ndi mpweya wochepa zimatha kuchepetsa chizolowezi chambiri. Ndipotu, wolembayo amakhulupirira kuti ngati opanga akufuna kukonzanso zinthu zawo, zipangizo zachikasu zooneka ngati L zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Opanga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowotcherera za GMAW akuganiziranso kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 3XXSi chifukwa SI imatha kukonza zonyowetsa ndi kutayikira. Pankhani yomwe chidutswa cha malasha chili ndi nsonga yapamwamba kapena kugwirizana kwa dziwe kumakhala kosauka pazala zowotcherera zala pang'onopang'ono msoko kapena lap weld, kugwiritsa ntchito waya wotetezedwa ndi mpweya wokhala ndi S kumatha kunyowetsa msoko wa malasha ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwake. .