Ⅰ.The bụ isi echiche nke ọgwụgwọ ọkụ.
A.The echiche ziri ezi banyere ọgwụgwọ ọkụ.
Ihe ndị dị mkpa na ọrụ nkeỌgwụ Ọgwụ:
1.heomang
Ebumnuche bụ inweta otu na ezigbo ihe omimi.
Isi
Ebumnuche bụ iji hụ na onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ a na-ewe oke iwe ma gbochie obodo na oxidation.
3.Cool
Ebumnuche ahụ bụ ịgbanwe Austform na micronication dị iche iche.
Microserctures mgbe usoro ọgwụgwọ gachara
N'oge ajụkwa usoro mgbe kpochara ọkụ na ijide ya, mgbanwe mgbanwe ndị dị iche iche n'ime micromes dị iche iche dabere na ajụ oyi. Ngwakọta dị iche iche na-egosi ihe dị iche iche.
B.the echiche dị mkpa nke ọgwụgwọ ọkụ.
Nkewa dabere na kpo oku na uzo di nma
Ngwọta 4conconconveness (ọgwụgwọ ọkụ):
2.surface gwọọ ọkụ: Elu elu na-eme ka ọ dị elu, na-ekpo ọkụ n'elu elu na-agbachi, ọkụ na-enwu ọkụ dị elu na-agbaze.
Ọgwụ ọkụ 3.chemical: Carburizing, nitring, carnitchi.
Chermsgwọ ọgwụgwọ na-efe efe: Ọgwụ ikuku na-achịkwa, ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, ọgwụgwọ ọkụ.
C.Critical okpomoku nke Steel
Mgbanwe mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị oke mkpa maka ikpebi iwe ọkụ, na-ejide, na usoro jụrụ n'oge ọgwụgwọ. A na-ekpebi ya site na eserese nke carbon.
Okwu mmechi isi:Ntughari nke di nkpa okpomoku di nkpa nke nchara mgbe obula n'agbata nsogbu nke usoro a. Nke a pụtara na achọrọ oke ikuku n'oge kpo oku, na okpuru mmiri dị mkpa n'oge jụrụ.
Ⅱ.ANNEELING na usoro nke nchara
1. Nkowa nke Aning
Acalling na-agụnye nchara kpo oku na-ekpo ọkụ karịa ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ike dị oke mkpa acenkwụ na okpomọkụ ahụ, wee jiri nwayọ jụ ya, iji nweta ihe owuwu ahụ.
2. Nzube nke nnabata
Ilere-èchè èchìchè nke-isi ike abù: ime ihe-ike ibù di iche iche na nso nke Hb170 ~ 230.
Igwe na-ahụ maka nrụgide na-adịbeghị anya: na-egbochi nrụrụ ma ọ bụ na-efe efe n'oge usoro sochirinụ.
Ihe owuwu ③refine: eme ka microSrcure.
Akwụsịghị maka ọgwụgwọ ọkụ nke ikpeazụ: na-enweta granular (Spetrodized) Pearllite na-eme nke ọma.
3.speheding na-eme mkpọtụ
Nkọwa usoro: kpo oku dị nso na ac₁.
Ebumnuche: Iji chụpụ ciment ma ọ bụ carbides na ígwè, na-ebute na granular (Spaherized) Pearllite.
A na-akwado ya: eji maka steels na eutoctoid na hyporeoutsoid.
4.Diff na-eme mkpọtụ (homogenizing)
Nkọwa usoro: kpo oku dị n'okpuru solvus ahịrị na-ese onyinyo.
Ebumnuche: iwepu Segreetion.
①Fort-carbon steelNa carbon na-erughị 0.25%, na-ahọrọ ka a họọrọ ka ị na-eme ka ọ dị ka ọgwụgwọ ọkụ.
②②②r zọrọ carbon na carbon na-eme ka carbon dị n'etiti 0.25% na 0.25%, ma enwere ike iji ma ọ bụ ịdị mma dị ka ọgwụgwọ ọkụ.
A na-enwe ọkara nke nwere carbon nchara na carbon dị n'etiti 0.50% na 0.75%, a na-atụ aro nnabata.
④Feecarbon steelSite na carbon dị ukwuu karịa 0.75%, na-ebu ụzọ eji eme ihe iji kpochapụ network fo₃c, na-esote spaheding.
Ⅲ.Qning na na -ewe igwe
A.quench
1. Nkọwapụta nke a na-eme ihe:
2. Ebumnuche nke Quering: Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ bụ iji nweta ndị isi (ma ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ belata Basite) ka ịbawanye ike ma na-eyi nguzogide nke ígwè. Ighapu bu otu n'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ ọkụ kachasị mkpa maka steel.
3.Determin na-emejupụta okpomọkụ maka ụdị steel dị iche iche
Ly hypoweectoid: AC₃ + 30 Celsius C ka 50 ° C
Eutectoid na hyporectoid ígwè: AC₁ + 30 Celsius C ka 50 ° C
Alloy steel: 50 Celsius C ruo 100 Celsius C karịa oke okpomọkụ
Ihe njiri mara mma nke mmachi
Jiri nwayọ nwayọ nwayọ tupu "imi" dị jụụ: iji belata nrụgide ikuku.
Ike dị elu dị elu nke dị nso na "imi" okpomọkụ: iji zere nguzobe ihe owuwu na-abụghị.
Jiri nwayọ nwayọ nwayọ na-egosi, iji belata nrụgide nke mgbanwe site na mgbanwe.
2.quingeszọ ha na njirimara ha:
Ighapu ahihia: odi mfe iji aru oru ma di nma maka obere oru. Microtive na-esite na ya bụ isi (m).
②double ijiji: ọzọ siri ike ma sie ike ịchịkwa, eji ya maka ọrụ ọrụ carbon dị elu na nnukwu ọrụ. Microtive na-esite na ya bụ isi (m).
Ahịhịa ③Brek: Usoro dị mgbagwoju anya karị, nke ejiri rụọ ọrụ na ọrụ ọrụ alloy. Microtive na-esite na ya bụ isi (m).
A na-ejikarị ya: eji ya maka obere ọrụ na-eme ihe dị egwu nwere ihe dị elu. Mpaghara na-arụpụta ihe na-esite na Bainaite (b).
6.Factors na-emetụta ike
Ọkwa nke isi ike na-adabere na nkwụsi ike nke ndị na-ebute ọnụ ọgụgụ. Nkwụsi ike nke ndị na-achịkwu isi, ka mma isi ike, na nke ọzọ.
Ihe na-emetụta nkwụsi ike nke ndị na-emebi emebi
Ọnọdụ C-C-Cenve: Ọ bụrụ na c-usoro c-usoro na-aga n'aka nri, ọnụego dị oke mma maka iji belata, na-eme ka ike gwụ.
Okwu mmechi isi:
Ihe ọ bụla na-eme ka C-usoro dị iche iche na-abawanye ike nke Steel.
Isi ihe:
Ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ: belụsọ maka cobult (Co), ihe niile ejikere niile etisasịwo na bekee dị iche iche.
The nso ọdịnaya carbon bụ na ihe mejupụtara eutectoid na carbon nchara, ka ndị ọzọ na-agagharị na aka nri, na elu hardlenation.
7.Determination na nnọchite nke enyemaka
Nnwale ahụ na-egosiputa ihe siri ike: A na-atụle usoro nnwale nke njedebe.
A na-eme ka dayameta na-eme ka dayameta ahụ dị oke mkpa (d₀) na-anọchite anya dayameta nke nwere ike ịchafụ onwe ya na ọkara.
B.temring
1. Nkọwa nke iwe
Iyi na-ewute bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ ọkụ ebe a na-ebe mma nke ọma na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru ebe a, nọrọ na okpomọkụ ahụ, wee kpoo okpomọkụ ahụ.
2. Nzube nke iwe
Belata ma ọ bụ kpochapụ nrụgide ezumike: na-egbochi nrụrụ ma ọ bụ ịgbagọ.
Belata ma ọ bụ kpochapụ Austide Buttidenite: Guzosie ike akụkụ nke akwara.
Wepụ eriri nke quinded quinded: na-edozi microscure na Njirimara iji zute ihe ndị na-enye nsogbu.
Neil dị mkpa: ga-ewu ewu ozugbo mgbe ọ gbawara.
Usoro 3.
1.Mgbe egwu
Ebumnuche: Iji belata nrụgide ndị a na-eme ka ajị anụ ahụ, melite ike nke worpower, ma nweta ike dị elu ma na-eyi nguzogide.
Okpomoku: 150 Celsius C ~ 250 Celsius C.
Ime ihe dị mkpa: Hardsness: HRC 58 ~ 64. Siri ike ma na-eyi nguzogide.
Ngwa: Ngwaọrụ, Ebu, akụkụ, akụkụ akpa, na akụkụ siri ike.
2.Hhucha iwe
Ebumnuche: Iji nweta oke ike yana ike na ike zuru ezu.
Okpomoku: 500 Celsius C ~ 600 Celsius C.
Ime ihe dị mkpa: Hardsness: HRC 25 ~ 35. Njirimara eji arụ ọrụ.
Ngwa: Affs, gias, na-ejikọ rods, wdg.
Igwe na-edozi
Nkowa: A na-akpọ oke ikuku na-esochi ya na-esochi ya na-acha uhie uhie, ma ọ bụ iwe. Usoro a na-emeso usoro a nwere arụmọrụ dị mma ma na-ejikwa ya.
Ⅳ.Surface gwọ ọkụ
A.surface na-agbaze na steels
1. Nkowa nke iru ala
Oke ihu igwe bụ ọgwụgwọ ọkụ na-ewusi elu nke akwara site na iji kpoo ya ngwa ngwa iji gbanwee elu ya. A na-arụ usoro a na-enweghị ịgbanwe ihe kemịkal nke steepụ steel ma ọ bụ isi ihe ahụ.
2
Ihe eji eme ihe
Ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị: Nkeji carbon steel na ọkara carbon carboy steel.
Ọgwụgwọ: usoro ndị a na-ahụkarị: na-ewe iwe. Ọ bụrụ na ihe akụrụngwa adịghị mkpa, enwere ike iji ya kama.
Ihe owuwu Post-Harden
Ihe owuwu elu elu: elu akwa ahụ na-etolite ihe ndị siri ike dịka nwa na-enye ike, nke na-enye ike dị elu ma na-eyi nguzosi ike.
Core ihe owuwu: isi nke steel na-ejigide ihe owuwu mbụ ya, dị ka steeti Pearlite ma ọ bụ nke iwe, dabere na usoro ọgwụgwọ ahụ. Nke a na - eme ka isi ihe siri ike na ike dị mma.
B.Cheracts nke insuction Heaning
1.Hhing kpo oku okpomọkụ na ebili mmiri ọsọ ọsọ: Ibelata oke ibu na-emetụta oke kpo oku ngwa ngwa na ọnụego ngwa ngwa, na-enye ohere iji kpo oku n'ime obere oge.
2.fine owuhe ọka astlenite na elu oyi akwa: n'oge ọkụ ọkụ na usoro a na-eme, elu agịga dị mma. Mgbe ha mechara, elu bụcha ihe dị mma nke nwere ezigbo Martanite, na-ejikarị ya 2-3 hrc dị elu karịa ihe ọkụkụ.
3.Goddị elu elu elu: N'ihi mkpụmkpụ kpo oku, ala ahụ na-enweghị atụ anaghị adịkarị mfe ito na decarburation, na -adị mma dị mma.
4.Ha ike ike ọgwụgwụ ike ike: Mgbanwe nke Martesitical nke dị n'elu oyi akwa na-eweta nrụgide na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ, nke na-abawanye ike ike ọgwụgwụ.
5.Hagha ọrụ mmepụta ihe omume: Oke ihu igwe dị mma maka mmepụta oke, na-enye ọrụ arụmọrụ dị elu.
C.classification nke ọgwụ ọgwụ
Carrizing, Carburizing, Carburation, Chriconizing, siliconize, siliconize, siliconize, carbarribring, boricarbububutizing
D.GAS Carburizizizi
Cargbọelu gas bụ usoro ebe a na-etinye ọrụ na-etinye na ikuku gas na-eme ka ikuku gas na-eme ka okpomọkụ na-agbanwe nchara. Mgbe ahụ, a na-ewebata ebe a na-edebe ozu n'ime ọkụ, ma ọ bụ ikuku na-ebugharị carbon, na-ekwe ka carnatizis na-agbasa n'elu elu akwa ahụ. Usoro a na-abawanye ọdịnaya carbon (WC%) na ebe a na-etinye ya.
Ndị ọrụ √carbubuting:
• Gas carbon-Rig: Dị ka gas na-acha uhie uhie, mmanụ mmanya na-egbu egbu (lpg), wdg.
• Igwe mmiri dị iche iche: dị ka Kerosene, Methanol, Benzene, wdg.
√carburing usoro:
• okpomọkụ carbur: 920 ~ 950 Celsius.
• Oge a na-eleda anya na oge: dabere na omimi nke a na-achọkarị na okpomoku okpomọkụ.
Ọgwụgwọ e.heat mgbe Carburizing
Steel ga-eme ọgwụgwọ ọkụ mgbe Carburizing.
Usoro ọgwụgwọ mgbe Carburizing:
√quering + obere okpomoku
1.Direct na-anyụ tupu oyi na-emetụ ya: Ọkpụkpụ nkụ na-adịchaghị mma site na corrizing okpomọkụ ahụ wee mechie ya, mgbe 180 ~ 180 ~ 180 Celsius.
2.senge na-egbukepụ mgbe a na-emetụ ya n'anya: Mgbe a na-eme ka a na-eme ihe na-adịghị ala ala, mgbe ahụ na-edo edo edo edo na obere okpomọkụ.
3.dogwakọta na-egbuke egbuke ma sie ike: Mgbe a na-eme ihe na-adịghị ala, mgbe Carburizing jụrụ, na-enwe usoro abụọ nke kpo oku, na-esochi ya.
Ⅴ.Chical of ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ nke Steels
1. Nri nke usoro ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ
Na-eme ọgwụgwọ ọkụ na-eme ọgwụgwọ bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ nke a na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na otu a kapịrị ọnụ. Ngbanwe a na - agbanwe kemịkalụ na microswocture nke ọrụ ọrụ, si otú a gbanwee ya.
2.basi ike usoro ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ
Decompotion: N'oge kpo oku, a na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, na-agbatị atọm n'ọrụ.
AntBorp: Atọm ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na-agbasa site na elu igwe ma gbazee na ngwọta siri ike nke nchara.
Mgbasa: Atọm na - etinye aka na elu nke steel na - akwalite n'ime ime.
Ofdị indening
a.high-na-ere ọkụ
Oge a dị ugbu a: 250 ~ 300 kHz.
Omimi oyi akwa: 0,5 ~ 2.0 mm.
Ngwa: Ọkara na obere modul gears na obere aka na ọkara.
b.didium-oge na-egbu oge
Oge a dị ugbu a: 2500 ~ 8000 kHz.
Omimi oyi akwa: 2 ~ 10 mm.
Ngwa: Akwa buru ibu na nnukwu mkpụrụ osisi gọdụ.
C.POwer-oge na-ere ọkụ
Oge a na-adị ugbu a: 50 hz.
Omimida oyi akwa dị omimi: 10 ~ 15 mm.
Ngwa: ọrụ ọrụ chọrọ oyi akwa siri ike.
3
Isi nke interction
A na-enwe mmetụta:
Mgbe ị na-eme ka ugbu a dị ugbu a na nsị dị ugbu a na-eme ugbu a n'elu nke worpower, ihe ka ọtụtụ na-eme ugbu a bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ na-aga site na ime ụlọ workpiri. A maara ihe a dị ịtụnanya dị ka ahụ ahụ.
Principleskpụrụ nke insuction elu heding:
Dabere na mmetụta anụ ahụ, elu nke workpied na-ewu ewu ngwa ngwa ruo na 800 ~ 1000 ~, ebe ime workine na-agaghị enwe ike ma ọlị. A na-ajụ nkụ ahụ mmiri mmiri, mmiri spraying, na-arụ ọrụ elu hardsing.
4.Temper Britleness
Iwe ihe na-egbu egbu na nchara
Igwe na-eme ihe na-egosi ihe na-egosi ihe na-emetụta mmetụta nke ike nke steel kwụsịrị ma na-ebelatala mgbe iwe na oge oyi.
Typedị nke mbụ
Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ: 250 Celsius C ka 350 Celsius C.
Njirimara: Ọ bụrụ na-ewu ewu na-eme ka ọ dị ọkụ n'ime oke okpomọkụ a, ọ ga-enwe ike ịzụlite ụdị iwe a na-ewu ewu, nke enweghị ike ikpochapụ.
Ngwọta: Zere ihe na-ewu ewu nchara n'ime oke okpomọkụ a.
A na-akpọ ụdị nke mbụ na-ewu ewu na-ama dị ka ihe iwe dị ọkụ na-eme ka ọ dị obere.
Ⅵ.Tempering
1.Templer bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ ọkụ nke na-esochi.
Gịnị Mere E Ji Dị Mkpa?
MicroSrocture mgbe emechara: Mgbe emechara, microsrocture nke na-abụkarị ndị na-arịa ọrịa na ndị ọzọ. Ha abụọ merutalble n'ụzọ m ga-agbanwe n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.
Njirimara nke Martanite: A na-eji mara oke siri ike kamakwa nnukwu britleness (karịsịa na agịga carbon - nke na-adịghị ka ọtụtụ ngwa.
Njirimara nke mgbanweta Martenitic: mgbanwe nke Martense na-aputa ngwa ngwa. Mgbe ha mechara, onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ ahụ nwere nrụgide nke ime na-emesi ike na-enwe ike ibute nrụrụ ma ọ bụ mgbawa.
Mmechi: A gaghị eji ọrụ na-enweghị ike iji ya ozugbo asịrị! Igwe dị mkpa dị mkpa iji belata nrụgide nke ime ma melite ike ọrụ ahụ, na-eme ya dabara adaba maka ojiji.
2.Ngbanye n'okpuru ike na ikike ikike:
Isi Ike:
Isi Ike na-ezo aka ike steel iji nweta ụfọdụ omimi nke ike (omimi nke oyi akwa) mgbe ọ gachara. Ọ dabere na ihe mejupụtara na nhazi nke steel, karịsịa ihe na ụdị ígwè. Hardsọbisi ike bụ ihe atụ nke etu ígwè si dị mma na ọkpụrụkpụ ya n'oge a na-eme mkpọtụ.
Ike siri ike (ike ike):
Ike, ma ọ bụ ike na-ekwu okwu ike, na-ezo aka na ike siri ike nke enwere ike iru n'elu ígwè mgbe ọ gbawara. Ọ na-emetụtakarị carbon ọdịnaya nke ígwè. Ihe dị iche iche carbon dị elu na-eduga na ike dị elu, mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ naanị ihe na-eme ihe na-edozi ahụ na arụmọrụ nke usoro.
3.Hability nke nchara
√concextion nke ike
Isi ihe siri ike na-ezo aka ike steel iji nweta ụfọdụ omimi nke Martensitic Harpending mgbe ọ ga-emejupụta na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ. N'ime mfe, ọ bụ ikike nke nchara iji mepụta Ọrịa mgbe ị na-aga.
Na-enwe ike
Ọ bụ omimi nke siri ike a na-egosi na-enweta n'okpuru ọnọdụ akọwapụtara mgbe ọ gachara.
Omi egwu siri ike: Nke a bụ omimi n'elu elu nke workpiese na mpaghara ebe owu na-enwe nsogbu.
Media na-emekarị
• Mmiri
Njirimara: Akụ na ụba na ike dị ike, mana nwere ọnụego dị elu n'akụkụ esi, nke nwere ike ibute ike jụụ.
Ngwa: A na-ejikarị ya carbon.
Mmiri nnu: ihe ngwọta nke nnu ma ọ bụ alkali na mmiri, nke nwere ikike dị elu na oke okpomọkụ tụnyere mmiri, na-eme ya adabara carbon steels.
• mmanụ
Njirimara: na-enye nwayọ nwayọ na okpomọkụ dị ala (n'akụkụ mmiri), nke arụmọrụ nke ọma na-ebelata ọchịchọ maka nrụrụ na mgbawa, mana nwere ikike jụrụ oyi na oke okpomọkụ.
Ngwa: Kwesịrị ekwesị maka steely steels.
Ofdị: gụnyere mmanụ, mmanụ igwe, na mmanụ dizel.
Oge kpo oku
Oge kpo oku mejuputara ma kpo oku (oge emere iji ruo okpomọkụ) na oge na-ejide ya (oge na-ejide ya (oge na-ejide ya na ebumnuche ahụ).
Principleskpụrụ maka ikpebi oge kpo oku: hụ na nkesa okpomọkụ n'oge ọrụ ọ bụla, ma n'ime na n'èzí.
Gbaa mbọ hụ na Austlenititization zuru oke na ndị bi na natite na ezigbo.
Ihe ndabere maka ijikọ oge kpo oku: na-ejikarị usoro apical ma ọ bụ kpebisie ike site na nnwale.
Media Media
Akụkụ abụọ dị mkpa:
ọnụego: ọnụego dị elu dị elu na-akwalite nguzobe nke ndị isi.
Nrụgide B.Resissides: Ọnụnọ dị elu na-abawanye nrụgide ezumike, nke nwere ike iduga oke agụụ maka nrụrụ na ịgbagọ na workpirir.
Ⅶ.normaling
1. Nkọwa nke idozi
Nchịkọta bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ ọkụ na-eji ígwè dị ọkụ na okpomọkụ 30 Celsius C ka 50 Celsius C karịa okpomọkụ ahụ, wee ga-ajụkwa ikuku iji nweta microlibrium. E jiri ya tụnyere nke na-egbu egbu, na-arụ ọrụ na-ajụ oyi ngwa ngwa, na-ebute ihe dị mma petlite (p) na ike na isi ike dị elu.
2. Nzube nke nhazi
Ebumnuche nke ịdị ọcha yiri nke a na-egbu egbu.
3. Ngwa nke nhazi
• Wepụ ciment nke abụọ.
• Na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ọgwụgwọ ikpeazụ maka akụkụ nke akụkụ dị ala.
• Mee dị ka usoro ọgwụgwọ ọkụ maka ụlọ ọrụ carbon dị ala na nke na-adịghị mma iji melite ngwa ngwa.
4.Types nke nnabata
Typedị izizi:
Ebumnuche na ọrụ: Ebumnuche ahụ abụghị ime ka mgbanwe mgbasa ozi kama ịgagharị nchara site na steeti na-enweghị nzube maka ọnọdụ ziri ezi.
Ofdị:
• Mgbasa ozi: ebumnuche iji mee ka ihe mejupụtara ya site na iwepụ segregation.
• Recrystallization: Iweghachi mmezi site na iwepu mmetụta nke ọrụ ike.
• Mmegide enyemaka na-egbu egbu: na-ebelata nrụgide dị n'ime na-enweghị ịgbanwe microscure.
Typedị nke Abụọ nke Aninging:
Ebumnuche na ọrụ: ebumnuche ịgbanwe microscure na akụrụngwa, na-emezu micros-na-eme ihe. Typedị a na-echekwakwa na nkesa na morphology nke Pearlite, ferrite, na ụgbọ ala zukọrọ chọrọ.
Ofdị:
• Enlealing: kpo oku na steel ahụ dị n'elu ac3 okpomọkụ ma jiri nwayọ nwayọ mee ka ọ na-emepụta petel na-edobe.
• Enweghi ihe ngosi: kpoo steel n'etiti ac1 na ac3 okpomoku iji gbanwee ihe owuwu.
• Anothermal na-egbu egbu: kpo oku na nchara ahụ dị n'elu AC3, na-esochi ngwa ngwa na ikuku ikuku na ejidere iji nweta ihe achọrọ.
• Spaheding na-egbu egbu: na-emepụta ihe owuwu ụgbọ ala siri ike, na-emezi ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụ ike.
Ⅷ.1.Ndị nke ọgwụgwọ
Ọgwụgwọ ọkụ na-ezo aka na usoro a na-eme ka ọ dị ọkụ, na-enwe na okpomọkụ, wee jụọ ya mgbe ọ bụla n'ọnọdụ siri ike ịgbanwe ihe owuwu ya.
2.Cheracts nke ọgwụgwọ ọkụ
Ọgwụ ọgwụgwọ adịghị agbanwe ụdị nsogbu ahụ; Kama nke ahụ, ọ na-agbanwe ihe owuwu nke ime na microserction nke ígwè, nke tụgharịrị gbanwere Njirimara steel.
3.Pure na ọgwụgwọ ọkụ
Ebumnuche nke ọgwụgwọ ọkụ bụ iji melite ọrụ nchara (ma ọ bụ ọrụ ọrụ aka rụọ ọrụ nke ọma), na-eme ka ndụ ọrụ worpose, wee gbasaa ndụ ọrụ ya.
Mmechi
Ma enwere ike ịbawanye ihe onwunwe site na ọgwụgwọ ọkụ na-adabere ma enwere mgbanwe na microSrecre na owuwe ihe ọkụ na oge ọkụ.
Oge Post: August 19-2024