Br.Qhov lub tswvyim yooj yim ntawm kev kho cua sov.
A.Qhov cov tswvyim yooj yim ntawm kev kho cua sov.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawmKev Kho Cua Sov:
1. ntxuav
Lub hom phiaj yog kom tau txais ib yam tsis zoo thiab zoo austenite qauv.
2. thaiv
Lub hom phiaj yog ua kom cov workpiece yog kom huv si thiab kom tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam thiab oxidation.
3.Cov
Lub hom phiaj yog hloov pauv Austenite mus rau hauv cov Micrtructures txawv.
Microstructures tom qab kev kho cua sov
Thaum lub sij hawm txias txheej txheem tom qab cua sov thiab tuav, hloov chaw austenite mus rau hauv cov microstructures txawv nyob ntawm tus nqi txias. Cov microstructures sib txawv sib txawv.
B.The lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cua sov.
Kev faib tawm raws cov cua sov thiab cov txheej txheem cua txias, ntxiv rau microstructure thiab cov khoom ntawm cov hlau
1.Cov kev kho cua sov (kev kho cua sov zuag qhia tag nrho): Kev Ua Haujlwm, Annealing, normating, quenching
2. Cov kev kho cua sov: nto quenching, induction cua sov qhov chaw quenching, hluav taws xob sib chwv cua sov ua kom sov.
3.chemical cua sov kev kho mob: carburizing, nitriving, carbonitrividing.
4.Txoj kev kho cov cua sov: Tshuaj tswj cov cua sov kev kho, nqus cua sov, deformation kev kho cua sov.
C.critical kub ntawm cov hlau
Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab cov cua sov, tuav, thiab kev ua kom txias thaum tshav kub. Nws yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov duab kos duab hlau.
Tseem Ceeb Xaus:Qhov tiag tiag kev hloov pauv kub ntawm hlau ib txwm lags ib txwm lags tom qab theoretical kev hloov pauv kub. Qhov no txhais tau tias kev kub ntxhov yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua thaum cua sov, thiab undercooling yog qhov tsim nyog thaum cua txias.
Ⅱ.annealing thiab normizing ntawm cov hlau
1. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm annealing
Annealing koom nrog cov hlau cua kub rau qhov kub siab tshaj lossis qis dua qhov kub, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias, kom ua tiav tus qauv ze rau kev sib npaug.
2. Lub hom phiaj ntawm annealing
Hardness hardness rau machining: ua tiav machinable hardness nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm HB170 ~ 230.
②relieve residual kev ntxhov siab: tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam lossis tawg thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav tom ntej.
③rafine grain qauv: txhim kho microstructure.
Ua kom tau txog zaum kawg kev kho cua sov: Tau txais granular (spheroidized) hlaws rau tom qab quenching thiab tempering.
3.Spheriding Annealing
Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb: cua sov yog ze rau ACT POINT.
Lub Hom Phiaj: Txhawm rau ntxuav cov qog lossis carbides hauv cov hlau, ua rau muaj cov pob txha caj qaum (spheroidized) petlite.
Siv tau ntau yam: siv rau cov hlau nrog Eutectoid thiab kev ua kom siab zoo.
4.Differing annealing (homogenizing annealing)
Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb: cua sov yog me ntsis hauv qab cov kab ntawm cov solvus ntawm theem kev kos duab.
Lub Hom Phiaj: Yuav kom tshem tawm segration.
Tsis Tau-Cov Hlau HlauNrog cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg dua 0.25%, ib txwm yog xav tau tshaj anealing ua kev npaj ua cua sov.
②OLE Cov Khaub Ncaws Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nrab ntawm 0.25% thiab 0.50%, yog annaling lossis normaling lossis normating los yog siv los ua kev kho cua sov.
③go cov pa roj carbon monoxide cov pa roj carbon hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon rau 0.50% thiab 0.75%, tag nrho anealing yog pom zoo.
④On-Cov Hlau HlauNrog cov ntsiab lus carbon cov ntsiab lus ntau dua 0.75%, normatizing yog thawj zaug siv los tshem tawm cov network network, ua raws los ntawm kev sib tw ua ke.
Ⅲ.Qhia thiab tempering ntawm cov hlau
A.Qhov
1. Cov lus txhais ntawm Quenching: Quenching koom nrog cov hlau cua sov kom muaj qhov kub thiab txias dua tus nqi ntau dua los ua martensite.
2. Lub hom phiaj ntawm Quenching: Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kom tau martensite (lossis qee zaum qis dua bainite) kom nce lub hardness thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov hlau. Quenching yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem kho cua sov tshaj plaws rau cov hlau.
3.Determineing quenching kub rau ntau hom hlau
Tus Hlau Hypeutectiid: ACT + 30 ° C txog 50 ° C
EUTECTOAD THIAB Hypeutectiod Hlau: Account + ° C txog 50 ° C
Alloy Hlau: 50 ° C txog 100 ° C saum toj no qhov tseem ceeb kub
4.Cov cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib qho kev txiav txim siab zoo tagnrho:
Kev txias txias ua ntej "qhov ntswg" kub: kom txaus txo qis thermal kev ntxhov siab.
Muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm siab nyob ze "qhov ntswg" kub: kom tsis txhob tsim qhov kev tsim ntawm cov qauv tsis yog martensitic.
Qeeb Cua Txias ze M₅ taw tes: Txhawm rau txo cov kev ntxhov siab tsim los ntawm Martensitic kev hloov pauv.
5.Qhov kev ntsuas thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv:
①SIMPLE Quenching: Yooj yim ua haujlwm thiab tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm me me, yooj yim zoo li tus thawj coj. Lub txiaj ntsig microstructure yog martensite (m).
②Double quenching: Ntau lo lus nyuaj thiab nyuaj rau kev tswj hwm, siv rau cov hlau ua kom zoo li cov hlau thiab cov hlau loj dua hlau ua haujlwm. Lub txiaj ntsig microstructure yog martensite (m).
③broken Quenching: Ib tug txheej txheem ntau dua, siv rau cov loj, cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke hlau Alloy Steel workpieces. Lub txiaj ntsig microstructure yog martensite (m).
④isothermal quenching: siv rau cov khoom ua haujlwm me me, cov qauv ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov kev xav tau siab. Lub txiaj ntsig microstructure yog qis dua yog qhov chaw (b).
6.Factors cuam tshuam rau cov tawv tawv
Qib theem ntawm cov tawv tawv yog nyob ntawm qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov supercooled austenite hauv cov hlau. Qhov siab dua qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov supercooled Austenite, qhov zoo dua cov neeg tawv me, thiab hloov ua lwm yam.
Yam cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj khov ntawm supercooled Austenite:
Txoj hauj lwm ntawm C-Nkhaus: Yog tias C-nkhaus hloov mus rau sab xis, tus nqi cua txias rau kev txo qis, txhim kho cov neeg txo qis.
Tseem Ceeb Xaus:
Txhua yam khoom uas hloov lub C-Nkhaus mus rau txoj cai nce cov steel lub hardenability.
Qhov tseem ceeb:
Tshuaj lom neeg muaj tshuaj: tshwj tsis yog rau cobalt (CO), tag nrho cov khoom siv alloying yaj nyob rau hauv Austenite nce cov khoom muaj zog.
Lub kaw cov ntsiab lus carbon yog rau lub eutectoid muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv cov hlau, qhov ntau C-nkhaus hloov mus rau sab xis, thiab ntau dua qhov tsis yooj yim.
7.Determination thiab sawv cev ntawm cov tawv tawv
Kev ntsuam xyuas Queenel Hardenility Test: Hardenability yog ntsuas siv qhov kawg-quench kev sim kev xeem.
②Critical Qenen Txoj Kev Ua Haujlwm: Qhov tseem ceeb Quen (D₀) sawv cev txoj kab uas hla tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau uas tuaj yeem yog qhov tsis zoo hauv qhov nruab nrab tshwj xeeb.
B.Tempering
1. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Tempering
Tempering yog txheej txheem kho cua sov uas quenched steel yog rov qab rau qhov kub thiab txias hauv qab no AN POINT, tuav ntawm qhov kub ntawd, thiab tom qab ntawd txias rau chav sov.
2. Lub hom phiaj ntawm tempering
Txo lossis tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab tseem ceeb: tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam lossis tawg ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Txo lossis tshem tawm cov asustual Austenite: stabilizes qhov ntev ntawm workpiece.
Tshem tawm brittleleness ntawm quenched steel: kho microstructure thiab cov khoom kom tau raws li cov haujlwm ua haujlwm.
Cov Lus Ceeb Tseem Ceeb: Hlau yuav tsum ua kom sov sai tom qab quenching.
3.Tempering cov txheej txheem
1.Kub tempering
Lub Hom Phiaj: Txhawm rau kom txo cov quenching kev ntxhov siab, txhim kho kev nyuaj ntawm lub workpiece, thiab ua tiav kev tawv thiab hnav tsis kam.
Kub: 150 ° C ~ 250 ° C.
Performance: Hardness: HRC 58 ~ 64. Siab tawv thiab hnav tsis kam.
Cov ntawv thov: Cov cuab yeej, pwm, bearings, carburized ntu, thiab nto-tawv-tawv cheebtsam.
2.High tempering
Lub Hom Phiaj: Kom tau txais kev ua kom tiav siab nrog rau lub zog txaus thiab hardness.
Kub: 500 ° C ~ 600 ° C ~ 600 ° C.
Kev Ua Tau Zoo: Hardness: HRC 25 ~ 35. Zoo tag nrho cov khoom siv neeg kho tshuab.
Cov ntawv thov: Shafts, zog, txuas cov pas nrig, thiab lwm yam.
Thermal refining
Lus Txhais: Quenching ua raws li qhov siab npau taws yog hu ua thermal refining, lossis tsuas yog tempering. Kho cov hlau los ntawm cov txheej txheem no muaj kev ua tau zoo heev thiab tau siv dav.
Ⅳ.Surface Cua Sov Kho ntawm Hlau
A.surface quenching ntawm cov hlau
1. Cov lus txhais ntawm kev ua kom tawv tawv
Cov txheej txheem kev kho mob saum ntuj tsim los txhawb cov txheej saum npoo ntawm cov txheej txheem cua sov rau hauv cov txheej txheem saum npoo cua rau hauv cov txheej txheem saum npoo av rau hauv kev ua kom txias thiab tom qab ntawd txias. Txoj kev no yog nqa tawm tsis muaj kev hloov kho cov steel cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg los yog cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv siv rau saum npoo hardening thiab post-hardening qauv
Cov ntaub ntawv siv rau saum npoo tawv
Cov ntaub ntawv raug: Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Nruab Nrab Thiab Nruab Nrab Roj Roj Hlau.
Kev Kho Mob Ua Ntej: Cov txheej txheem raug: Temperinging. Yog tias cov khoom tseem ceeb tsis tseem ceeb, ib txwm siv tuaj yeem siv.
Tom qab-Harlening qauv
Txheej txheem deg: txheej saum npoo ib txwm ua cov qauv tawv xws li martensite lossis bainite, uas muab siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam.
Cov qauv tseem ceeb: Cov tub ntxhais ntawm cov steel feem ntau khaws nws thawj tus qauv, xws li lub ntsiab ntawm Pearlite, nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem ua ntej thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov tseem ceeb tswj tau zoo toughness thiab lub zog.
B.Charcacterics ntawm induction saum npoo hardening
1. Cov nqi cua kub sai li cas: Induction Cov teeb meem cua sov feem ntau kub thiab cov cua kub kub, pub rau cov cua sov sai li hauv lub sijhawm luv luv.
2.fine austenite grace qauv nyob rau hauv txheej saum npoo Txheej txheem: thaum lub sijhawm cua sov thiab tom qab quenching cov ntaub ntawv, sab npoo txheej fluen aus austenite nplej. Tom qab quenching, lub npoo feem ntau muaj cov mosensite zoo, nrog hardness feem 2-3 hrc siab dua li quenceing.
3.Zoo saum npoo zoo: Vim yog lub sijhawm luv luv, lub chaw ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau oxidation thiab decarburization, thiab quenching-indication deformation yog qhov tsawg, kom ua tau zoo zoo.
4.High fatigig lub zog: lub martens theem kev hloov pauv hauv cov txheej saum npoo tsim hluav taws xob kev ntxhov siab, uas ua rau muaj zog ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub workpiece.
5.hawm ntau lawm: induction saum toj saum npoo tawv yog haum rau huab hwm coj ntau lawm, muab kev ua haujlwm siab.
C.cclassification ntawm tshuaj kho cua sov
Carburizing, carburizing, carburizing, siliconizing, siliconizing, siliconizing, cua sov, carocarburizing
D.gas carburizing
Cov roj carburizing yog txheej txheem uas ua haujlwm tau muab tso rau hauv cov roj carburizing thiab rhuab mus rau ib qho kub uas hloov pauv cov hlau mus rau hauv Austenite. Tom qab ntawd, ib tug neeg sawv cev carburizing yog dripped mus rau hauv lub cub tawg, los yog carbon atoms rau diffuse rau hauv txheej txheej ntawm lub workpiece. Tus txheej txheem no nce cov pa roj carbon (WC%) ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
√Carburizing tus neeg sawv cev:
• Carbon Ris Ricies Roj: xws li roj av roj av, liquefied roj av (LPG), thiab lwm yam.
• Cov kua dej: xws li kerosene, methanol, benzene, thiab lwm yam.
√Carburizing txheej txheem:
• carburizing kub: 920 ~ 950 ° C.
• Sijhawm carburizing: nyob ntawm qhov tob tob ntawm cov txheej carburized thiab lub carburizing kub.
E.Heat kev kho mob tom qab carburizing
Steel yuav tsum yauv yauv ua kom sov tom qab carburizing.
Txheej txheem kev kho cua sov tom qab carburizing:
√Qhov tseeb + tsawg-kub tempering
1.Direct quenching tom qab txias txias + qhov chaw ua haujlwm tsawg dua los ntawm kev kub siab rau qhov kub thiab txias, ua ntej tawm ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 160 ~ 180 ° C.
2.Single quenching tom qab txias txias + tsawg-kub qhuav: Tom qab carburize yog maj mam txias mus rau chav kub, tom qab ntawd reheathed rau quenching thiab tsawg-kub tempering.
3.Double quenching tom qab txias + tsawg-kub tempering: Tom qab carburizes ingurizing ob theem ntawm ob theem ntawm ob theem ntawm ob theem ntawm cov cua sov thiab quenching, ua raws li ntawm qhov ntsuas kub tsawg.
Ⅴ.chemical cua sov kho cua sov ntawm cov hlau
1.Definition ntawm kev kho tshuaj kub kub
Tshuaj lom neeg kho cua sov yog ib txoj kev kho cua sov nyob rau hauv uas ib tug steel workpiece tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev nquag ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab kom diffuse rau saum npoo ntawm workpiece. Qhov no hloov cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab microstructure ntawm lub workpiece nto, yog li hloov nws cov khoom.
2.basic txheej txheem ntawm tshuaj tua cua sov
Decomposition: Lub sijhawm cua sov, lub zog ua haujlwm nruab nrab, tso cov atoms.
Kev nqus: Cov atoms nquag yog adsorbed los ntawm cov hlau thiab yaj mus rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov hlau.
Diffusion: Cov ative atoms nqus thiab yaj nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau migrate mus rau sab hauv.
Hom Induction Nto Hardening
a.high-zaus induction cua sov
Zaus tam sim no zaus: 250 ~ 300 Khrz.
Hardened txheej Qhov tob: 0.5 ~ 2.0 hli.
Cov ntawv thov: nruab nrab thiab me me module lub zog thiab me me rau nruab nrab safts.
B.Medium-zaus Induction Cua Sov
Zaus tam sim no zaus: 2500 ~ 8000 KHz.
Hardened txheej Qhov tob: 2 ~ 10 hli.
Cov ntawv thov: cov hlau loj thiab loj rau cov khoom nruab nrab lub zog.
C.Power-zaus Induction cua sov
Zaus tam sim no zaus: 50 Hz.
Hardened txheej Qhov tob: 10 ~ 15 hli.
Cov ntawv thov: Workpieces xav tau ib txheej tob heev.
3. Induction saum npoo tawv
Lub ntsiab cai yooj yim ntawm Induction saum npoo hardening
Daim tawv nqaij tawv:
Thaum hloov pauv tam sim no hauv kev ua induction coil induces tam sim no nyob rau saum npoo ntawm workpiece, feem ntau yuav luag tsis muaj qhov kev xeem tam sim no los ntawm kev ua haujlwm sab hauv. Qhov tshwm sim no yog lub npe hu ua cov nyhuv tawv nqaij.
Ntsiab ntawm Induction Degening:
Raws li cov nyhuv tawv, qhov chaw ntawm workpiece tau nrawm nrawm rau lub qhov kub thiab txias (nce rau 800 ~ 1000 ° C hauv ob peb feeb), thaum lub sab hauv workpiece tseem yuav luag tsis meej. Lub workpiece yog ces txias los ntawm dej txau, ua tiav cov nplaim tawv.
4.Teem Brittleness
Tempering brittleness hauv quenched steel
Tempering brittleness hais txog qhov tshwm sim uas qhov kev cuam tshuam nyuaj ntawm quenched steel muaj nqis thaum tempered ntawm qee qhov kub.
Thawj hom tempering Brittleness
Kub ntau: 250 ° C txog 350 ° C.
Cov yam ntxwv: yog tias cov hlau quenched tau tempered nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntau, nws yog feem ntau yuav tsim hom kev npau taws no, uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm.
Kev daws: Zam kev ua rau tempering steeled steel nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas kub no.
Thawj hom tempering BRITTLENT tseem hu ua tsawg-kub tempering brittleness lossis ireversible npau taws brittleness.
Ⅵ.tempering
1.Tempering yog ib txoj kev kho vaj tsev kawg uas ua raws li quenching.
Vim li cas thiaj quenched steels yuav tsum tau npau taws?
Microstructure tom qab quenching: Tom qab quenching: Tom qab quenching, micrentructure ntawm cov hlau feem ntau muaj martensite thiab seem ntawm Austenite. Ob qho tib si yog cov qib ntsuas metastable thiab yuav hloov raws qee yam kev mob.
Cov khoom ntawm Martensite: Martensite yog tus cwj pwm siab tab sis kuj tseem ua kom muaj kev sib zog (tshwj xeeb hauv Martensite), uas tsis tau raws li kev ua tau zoo rau ntau yam kev siv.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Martensitic Transformation: Kev hloov pauv mus martensite tshwm sim sai heev. Tom qab quenching, lub workpiece muaj residual kev ntxhov siab uas tuaj yeem ua rau deformation lossis tawg.
Xaus: Lub workpiece tsis tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha tom qab quenching! Tempering yog qhov tsim nyog los txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm nyuaj ntawm qhov ua haujlwm, ua kom haum rau kev siv.
2.Txoj kev ntawm cov tawv tawv thiab tawv muaj peev xwm:
HardenTability:
Cov tawv tawv yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov hlau kom ua tiav qee qhov tob ntawm hardening (qhov tob ntawm cov tawv tawv) tom qab quenching. Nws nyob ntawm cov hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv, tshwj xeeb yog nws cov khoom siv thiab hom hlau. Hardenility yog qhov ntsuas ntawm seb cov hlau zoo yuav ua rau thoob plaws nws cov tuab thaum lub sijhawm quenching.
Hardness (hardening muaj peev xwm):
Hardness, lossis hardening muaj peev xwm, yog hais txog qhov siab tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv cov hlau tom qab quenching. Nws yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm cov hlau. Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua feem ntau ua rau muaj peev xwm ntau dua, tab sis qhov no tuaj yeem txwv los ntawm cov hlau cov khoom siv thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua kom tiav.
3.Hogardable ntawm cov hlau
√ConCept ntawm Hardenability
Cov tawv tawv yog hais txog kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov hlau kom ua tiav qee qhov tob ntawm martensitic harchening tom qab quenching kub. Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, nws yog cov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov hlau los ua martensite thaum quenching.
Ntsuas ntawm cov tawv tawv
Qhov loj ntawm cov tawv tawv yog qhia los ntawm qhov tob ntawm cov tawv tawv uas tau txais raws cov kev cai tshwj xeeb tom qab quenching.
Hardened Txheej Qhov tob: Qhov no yog qhov tob los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm rau thaj chaw uas cov qauv yog ib nrab martensite.
Cov lus quenching tshaj tawm:
• dej
Cov yam ntxwv: Econical nrog muaj zog txias lub peev xwm, tab sis muaj tus nqi txias nyob ze ntawm boiling point, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cua txias ntau dhau.
Daim ntawv thov: Feem ntau siv rau cov hlau.
Ntsev Dej: Kev daws ntawm ntsev lossis alkali nyob rau hauv dej, uas muaj lub peev xwm txias dua ntawm kev kub siab ntau ntxiv rau dej, ua rau nws haum rau cov pa roj carbon.
• roj
Cov yam ntxwv: Muab cov cua txias qeeb qeeb ntawm qhov kub qis (ze rau qhov kev npau taws thiab tawg, tab sis muaj cov muaj peev xwm qeeb qeeb thaum muaj peev xwm txias.
Daim Ntawv Thov: Haum rau Alloy Hlau.
Hom: suav cov roj quenching, tshuab roj, thiab roj roj.
Cua sov lub sijhawm
Lub sijhawm cua sov muaj ob qho tib si tus nqi cua sov (sijhawm coj mus cuag qhov ntsuas qhov xav tau) thiab lub sijhawm uas tuav tau lub sijhawm (sijhawm tuav).
Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus rau kev txiav txim siab caij sov lub sijhawm: kom cov khoom kub tshaj tawm thoob plaws txhua sab hauv thiab sab nraud.
Ua kom tau cov Austenitation ua tiav thiab hais tias tus austenite tsim yog cov khaub ncaws hnav thiab zoo.
Hauv paus rau kev txiav txim siab lub sijhawm cua sov: feem ntau kwv yees siv cov qauv sib txawv lossis txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sim.
Quenching Media
Ob qho tseem ceeb:
A.cooling: tus nqi txias dua txhawb txoj kev tsim ntawm Martensite.
B.Residual Kev ntxhov siab: Ib tug nqi siab dua nce ntxiv kev ntxhov siab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tw ntau dua rau kev rhuav tshem thiab tawg rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Ⅶ.Ny.Nyncalizing
1. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm normizing
Kev ua si yog ib txheej txheem kho cua sov hauv cov hlau uas sov kom tau txais 50 ° C saum no Piv rau annealing, normizing muaj cov nqi txias nrawm dua, ua rau muaj cov qauv hlaws zoo (p) thiab siab dua.
2. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev coj ua
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev coj ua zoo ib yam li ntawm annealing.
3. Cov ntawv thov ntawm normalizing
• Tshem tawm cov khoom noj qab haus huv theem nrab.
• Ua li kev kho cua sov kawg rau ntu nrog kev nce qib qis.
• Ua raws li kev npaj ua kom sov sov rau cov roj carbon uas tsis muaj zog thiab nruab nrab hauv cov hlau txhim kho machinability.
4.types annealing
Thawj hom ntawm annealing:
Lub Hom Phiaj thiab ua haujlwm: Lub hom phiaj tsis yog ua kom theem kev hloov pauv tab sis los hloov cov hlau los ntawm lub xeev tsis sib xws rau lub xeev sib npaug.
Hom:
• Phem annaling: lub hom phiaj rau homogenize cov lus sib xyaw los ntawm kev tshem tawm segration.
• Recrystallization annealing: restores ductility los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav.
• Hais txog kev nyuaj siab pab txhawb kev ntxhov siab: txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv yam tsis hloov kho microstructure.
Thib ob ntawm annealing:
Lub Hom Phiaj thiab Ua Haujlwm Hloov Kho Microstructure thiab cov khoom, ua tiav ib lub Pearlite-dominated microstructure. Hom no tseem ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tias kev faib tawm thiab morphology ntawm Phoplite, ferrite, thiab carbides raws li cov cai.
Hom:
• Tag nrho Annealing: Cov hlau ua kom cua sov saum toj no AC3 ntsuas kub thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias nws los ua ib qho qauv phowons.
• Tsis tiav Kev Ua Haujlwm Txhais: Cua sov cov hlau nruab nrab ntawm AC1 thiab AC3 kub rau qee qhov hloov pauv cov qauv.
• Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob isothermal
• Kev sib tw spheriding annealing: tsim cov qauv carbide carbide carbide, txhim kho tshuab luam ntawv thiab tawv.
Ⅷ.1.Definition ntawm kev kho cua sov
Kev kho cua sov yog hais txog cov txheej txheem uas hlau yog rhuab, muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kub thiab txias thaum hloov nws cov microstruction, yog li ua tiav cov khoom xav tau.
2.Cov kev kho cua sov
Kev kho cua sov tsis hloov pauv cov duab ntawm qhov ua haujlwm; Hloov chaw, nws alters cov qauv sab hauv thiab microstructure ntawm cov hlau, uas nyeg hloov cov hlau cov khoom.
3.Prose ntawm kev kho cua sov
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho cua sov yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov neeg kho tshuab lossis ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm cov hlau (lossis ua haujlwm kom zoo dua qub, txhim kho nws txoj kev pabcuam lub neej.
4.Key xaus
Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv tau txhim kho los ntawm kev kho cua sov yog tias muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm nws cov Microstructure thiab cov qauv thaum lub sijhawm cua sov thiab cua txias.
Lub sij hawm Post: Lub Yim-19-2024