Menene manyan halaye da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da lahani na gama gari a cikin ƙirƙira?

1. Alamar sikelin saman
Babban fasali: Rashin sarrafa mutuƙirƙirazai haifar da m saman da kuma kifin sikelin alamomi. Irin waɗannan ma'aunin ma'aunin kifin ana samun sauƙin samarwa yayin ƙirƙira bakin ƙarfe na austenitic da martensitic.
Dalili: Mucosa na gida wanda ya haifar da rashin daidaituwa ko kuma zaɓi mara kyau na lubrication da rashin ingancin mai.
2. Kuskuren lahani
Babban fasalulluka: Babban ɓangaren ƙirƙirar mutuwa ba daidai ba ne dangane da ƙananan sashi tare da farfajiyar rabuwa.
Dalili: Babu madaidaicin makullin kuskure akan mutun ƙirƙira, ko kuma ba'a shigar da ƙirar ƙirjin daidai ba, ko tazarar da ke tsakanin kan guduma da titin jagora ya yi girma da yawa.
3. Rashin isassun ƙirƙira lahani
Babban fasali: Girman ƙirƙirar mutuwa yana ƙaruwa a cikin alƙawarin daidai gwargwado ga farfajiyar rabuwa. Lokacin da girman ya wuce girman da aka ƙayyade a cikin zane, rashin isasshen ƙirƙira mutuwa zai faru.
Dalili: Girma mai girma, ƙarancin ƙirƙira zafin jiki, wuce gona da iri na kogon mutuwa, da sauransu zai haifar da rashin isasshen matsi ko juriya ga gadar walƙiya, ƙarancin kayan aiki, da ƙarar billet mai yawa.
4. Rashin cika gida
Babban fasali: Yafi faruwa a cikin haƙarƙari, kusurwoyi matattu, da dai sauransu na matattun ƙirƙira, kuma saman ɓangaren da ake cikawa ko kusurwoyin jabun ba a cika cika ba, wanda hakan ya sa ba a fayyace ƙayyadaddun abubuwan ƙirjin.
Dalili: Zane na preforming mutu cavity da blanking mutu cavity ne m, kayan aiki tonnage ne karami, blank ba mai zafi sosai, da karfe ruwa ne matalauta, wanda zai iya haifar da wannan lahani.
5. ragowar tsarin simintin
Babban fasali: Idan akwai ragowar tsarin simintin gyare-gyare, tsayin daka da ƙarfin gajiyar ƙirƙira sau da yawa ba su cancanta ba. Domin a kan ƙananan gwajin ƙararrawa, hanyoyin da aka toshe na ɓangaren simintin saura ba a bayyane suke ba, har ma ana iya ganin samfuran dendritic, waɗanda galibi suna fitowa a cikin juzu'i ta amfani da ingots na ƙarfe azaman sarari.
Dalili: Saboda ƙarancin ƙirƙira rabo ko hanyar ƙirƙira mara kyau. Wannan lahani yana rage aikin ƙirƙira, musamman tasirin tasiri da kaddarorin gajiya.
6. Rashin daidaituwar hatsi
Babban fasali: hatsi a wasu sassa naƙirƙirasu ne musamman m, yayin da hatsi a wasu sassa ne karami, forming m hatsi. Galo masu zafin jiki da karafa masu jure zafi suna da kulawa musamman ga rashin daidaituwar hatsi.
Dalili: Ƙananan zafin ƙirƙira na ƙarshe yana haifar da taurin aikin gida na babban ma'aunin zafin jiki na alloy billet. A lokacin aikin kashewa da dumama, wasu hatsi suna girma sosai ko kuma farkon ƙirƙira zafin jiki ya yi yawa, kuma nakasar ba ta isa ba, yana haifar da nakasar yanki na yanki zuwa ga nakasu mai mahimmanci. Rashin daidaituwa na hatsi zai iya haifar da sauƙi ga raguwa a cikin aikin gajiya da dorewa.
7. Lalacewar nadawa
Babban fasali: An lanƙwasa raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa a cikin ɓangarorin ƙananan ƙira, kuma folds suna kama da bayyanar da tsagewa. Idan tsaga ne, za a yanke magudanar ruwa sau biyu. A kan babban samfurin girma, ba kamar kasan fashe ba, bangarorin biyu suna da iskar oxygen mai tsanani kuma ninkan ƙasa yana da haske.
Dalili: Ana haifar da shi ne ta hanyar abinci kaɗan, raguwa da yawa ko kuma ƙananan radius fillet ɗin majiya a yayin aikin zanen roƙon sanda da crankshaft forgings. Lalacewar nadawa yana haifar da ƙoshin ƙoshin ƙarfe don haɗawa tare yayin aikin ƙirƙira.
8. Ingantacciyar ƙirƙira streamline rarraba
Babban fasalulluka: Sauƙaƙe hargitsi kamar streamline reflux, eddy current, cire haɗin, da haɗuwa yana faruwa lokacin ƙirƙira yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi.
Dalili: Ƙirar mutuƙar da ba ta dace ba, zaɓi mara kyau na hanyar ƙirƙira, siffa mara ma'ana da girman billet.
9. Tsarin bandeji
Babban fasali: Tsarin da ake rarraba wasu sifofi ko matakan ferrite a cikin ƙirƙira a cikin makada. Ya fi zama a cikin austenitic-ferritic bakin karfe, Semi-martensitic karfe da eutectoid karfe.
Dalili: Wannan yana faruwa ta hanyar ƙirƙira nakasawa lokacin da sassa biyu suka kasance tare. Yana rage madaidaicin ma'aunin filastik na kayan kuma yana da saurin fashewa tare da yankin ferrite ko iyaka tsakanin matakan biyu.